Mike Ditka for governor!! Da Bears!!
Here is a ploy by a Ditka fan who wants real people in government!
We da people of Illinois are sick and tired of scumbag politicians who think dat it's their job to lie, cheat and steal. No more! We deserve somebody in charge who we can trust. Somebody who we can depend on. Somebody who we know understands the difference between right and wrong and won't be afraid to kick corruption in the ass harder than da '85 Bears beat down da Patriots in da Super Bowl! Dat's right, my friends. Da man for da job is Coach Ditka. So let's make it happen! Ditka for Governor!!
Friday, December 26, 2008
Monday, December 22, 2008
Terrapin Station
Memories wet and dancing metaphors,
Color my eyes a token rhyme,
That only whispers harmony,
In wisk wonder
Tuesday, December 16, 2008
Beelzebub's Tales to his Grandson
I was pleased to be introduced to a spiritualist writer, orator, mystic; GI Gurdjieff. I'm currently doing research on his works, reading his critics, and attempting to tie in a contemporary equivalent to our ownselves. Things I question when reading about new artists; Why are they powerful to many and an inspiration to as a world ambassador to knowledge? WHere was the artist born and where has he travelled? Has his understanding, wisdom changed over the course of his lifes works? What were his greatest works within his stages of work?
Here's a poem I pasted; from Gurdjieff's "Beelzebub's Tales to his Grandson:
Faith of consciousness is freedom
Faith of feeling is weakness
Faith of body is stupidity.
Love of consciousness evokes the same in response
Love of feeling evokes the opposite
Love of body depends only on type and polarity.
Hope of consciousness is strength
Hope of feeling is slavery
Hope of body is disease.
Here's a poem I pasted; from Gurdjieff's "Beelzebub's Tales to his Grandson:
Faith of consciousness is freedom
Faith of feeling is weakness
Faith of body is stupidity.
Love of consciousness evokes the same in response
Love of feeling evokes the opposite
Love of body depends only on type and polarity.
Hope of consciousness is strength
Hope of feeling is slavery
Hope of body is disease.
rhming words (2)
'ice' dice, ice, lice, mice, nice, price, riche, slice, spice, twice, advice.
'ick' brick, chick, click, flick, kick, lick, pick, quick, sick, slick, stick, thick, trick, tick, wick.
'id' did, grid, hid, kid, lid, rid, slid, squid, forbid.
'ide' bride, glide, guide, hide, pride, ride, slide, side, stride, tide, wide, decide.
'ight' bright, flight, fight, fright, height, light, might, night, right, sight, slight, tight.
'ile' file, mile, Nile, pile, smile, tile, while.
'ill' chill, dill, drill, grill, hill, kill, mill, pill, sill, skill, spill, still, thrill, will.
'in' bin, chin, fin, in, grin, pin, shin, sin, skin, spin, thin, twin, tin, win, begin, within.
'ind' bind, blind, find, grind, kind, mind, rind, wind.
'ine' dine, fine, line, mine, nine, pine, shine, spine, vine, wine.
'ing' bring, cling, fling, king, ping, ring, sing, spring, sting, string, swing, thing, wing, wring.
'ink' blink, drink, ink, link, pink, rink, shrink, sink, stink, think, wink.
'ip' chip, clip, dip, drip, flip, grip, hip, rip,ship, skip, sip, slip, tip, trip, whip.
'it' bit, fit, hit, it, kit, knit, lit, mitt, pit, quit, sit, skit, spit, split, wit, admit
'ick' brick, chick, click, flick, kick, lick, pick, quick, sick, slick, stick, thick, trick, tick, wick.
'id' did, grid, hid, kid, lid, rid, slid, squid, forbid.
'ide' bride, glide, guide, hide, pride, ride, slide, side, stride, tide, wide, decide.
'ight' bright, flight, fight, fright, height, light, might, night, right, sight, slight, tight.
'ile' file, mile, Nile, pile, smile, tile, while.
'ill' chill, dill, drill, grill, hill, kill, mill, pill, sill, skill, spill, still, thrill, will.
'in' bin, chin, fin, in, grin, pin, shin, sin, skin, spin, thin, twin, tin, win, begin, within.
'ind' bind, blind, find, grind, kind, mind, rind, wind.
'ine' dine, fine, line, mine, nine, pine, shine, spine, vine, wine.
'ing' bring, cling, fling, king, ping, ring, sing, spring, sting, string, swing, thing, wing, wring.
'ink' blink, drink, ink, link, pink, rink, shrink, sink, stink, think, wink.
'ip' chip, clip, dip, drip, flip, grip, hip, rip,ship, skip, sip, slip, tip, trip, whip.
'it' bit, fit, hit, it, kit, knit, lit, mitt, pit, quit, sit, skit, spit, split, wit, admit
rhyming words list
Word Families and Rhyme Words
-at
-ig
-un
-et
-ot
cat fat rat at bat Nat pat sat hat mat vat chat brat flat gnat scat slat spat that Jack Sprat, acrobat, rat-a-tat-tat
big pig dig fig jig wig gig rig sprig swig twig
bun fun gun nun run sun / son pun shun spun stun ton done none won one son ton begun
bet pet set net met get jet let wet yet vet fret Brett Juliet sweat threat debt
hot pot not lot cot got rot dot jot tot blot clot plot Scott shot slot spot knot trot bought brought fought ought thought squat swat taught caught yacht apricot cannot forgot teapot
-an
-in
-uf
-en
-ob
Nan Dan ran fan can man tan pan van ban an Jan Ann(e) bran scan clan plan than; afghan, began, Batman
bin fin pin tin win in / inn din kin sin gin chin grin shin skin spin thin twin Lynn been begin engine napkin unpin violin
Puff buff cuff huff bluff fluff gruff stuff scuff scruff snuff tough rough handcuff
pen den Ben ten men hen ken Len glen wren then when amen pigpen playpen lion’s den
job cob Bob / bob rob sob mob knob gob hob lob blob snob throb swab
-ad
-id
-us
-eck
-op
bad dad had mad pad sad add tad fad lad cad Brad Chad clad glad grad plaid
bid did hid kid lid rid Sid grid skid slid squid undid eyelid
bus Gus us pus fuss plus
neck peck check deck fleck speck wreck trek
hop pop sop top hop mop cop lop chop crop drop slop stop bop clop flop plop prop shop swap flip-flop hip-hop pop-top
-ap
-it
-ul
-ed
-ock
cap lap tap nap gap map rap sap zap clap chap flap strap trap wrapscrap snap, unwrap; tap (water tap)
bit fit hit kit lit pit sit it wit mitt flit grit knit quit slit spit outfit
gull dull cull lull hull null skull bull full pull wool seagull
bed led fed red read Ted Ned Ed wed Jed bled fled Fred shred sled bred shed sped bread dead dread head spread spred thread tread lead said ahead bedspread
lock rock dock sock block clock crock doc flock frock stock jock knock mock shock smock gawk hawk squawk talk walk chalk wokticktok knock sidewalk
-ag
-ib
-up
-eg
-od
bag gag lag sag nag rag tag wag hag jag hag brag flag crag drag snag; ragtag; zigzag
bib fib rib jib nib crib glib
cup pup up sup yup backup blowup break up catch up check up chin up clean up close-up cover up hiccup ketchup push-up stick-up teacup wake-up warm-up
beg peg leg keg Meg egg keg
cod nod pod rod sod odd clod plod prod Todd trod sawed pawed squad quad wad
-am
-ic / -ick
-uz
-ess
-ol (-all)
dam ham jam Pam Sam ram tam yam am clam gram scram swam lamb cram slam graham, ma’am; flimflam; whim wham
Dick kick nick / Nick lick pick Rick sick tick wick brick chick click flick Vic brick quick slick stick thick tic / tick trick wick quick
buzz fuzz does was because
yes less Bess mess bless chess dress stress press Tess guess
doll loll Sol all ball / bawl call fall gall mall small hall / haul Paul Saul sprawl crawl
-ab
-im
-ut
-el
-ox
cab dab jab nab tab gab lab blab crab scab slab grab
dim him / hymn Jim rim Tim Kim brim skim swim trim whim grim
but cut hut nut rut gut jut mutt putt glut shut strut what
Bell Mel sell / cell fell tell well yell dwell smell spell gel / jell Nell shell swell carousel cowbell doorbell hotel motel Noel nutshell seashell
box ox fox lox Xerox pox blocks clocks knocks locks rocks shocks socks talks walks hawks
-ax
-ip
-ug
-em
-og
tax wax Max flax fax ax (for wood) slacks cracks jacks packs quacks snacks tracks
dip hip lip nip rip sip tip zip yip strip whip slip skip ship trip Kip drip clip blip chip flip grip pip gyp Q-tip chips and dip paper clip
bug dug hug jug lug mug pug rug tug drug plug shrug smug snug thug
hem gem stem them
fog frog smog jog log hog clog flog bog dog grog catalog
-al
-ish
-uck
-ep
-om
pal gal Sal Cal Hal Val Al shall corral
dish fish wish squish swish licoricegibberish
buck duck luck tuck chuck cluck pluck puck struck truck stuck muck suck yuck stuck-in-muck
pep step prep yep footstep doorstep
Tom mom prom bomb calm palm
-as
-itch
-ub
-eb
-on
gas bass mass pass brass class glass grass
ditch glitch hitch itch pitch witch which stitch twitch snitch rich
cub hub rub sub tub dub nub pub club scrub snub stub flub shrub rub-a-dub
web Deb Jeb Zeb ebb
on con yon Don Lon Ron John gone dawn drawn fawn lawn pawn yawn swan baton coupon pecan salon
-ak (ack)
-if
-um
-ud
-oss
back lack jack / Jack pack rack sack tack shack black crack knack quack slack whack thwack track smack snack stack backpack flapjack haystack knickknack paperback piggyback Tic Tac unpack
if cliff sniff stiff tiff miff whiff handkerchief
gum hum sum / some yum bum mum rum chum drum glum plum / plumb scum slum swum strum from come crumb dumb numb thumb some from crumb dumb numb plumb plum thumb medium tweeledum
bud Judd mud cud dud scud spud stud thud crud blood flood Milk Dud
loss boss moss toss cross floss gloss sauce
-ash
-is
-il
-ush
cash ash dash lash mash rash bash brash clash crash gash slash smash thrash trash sash splash eyelash mustache
sis hiss kiss miss bliss this
Gil ill kill bill Lil Jill mill fill will till hill pill will Bill sill spill dill frill chill grill drill shrill still thrill gill
hush mush rush gush lush brush blush crush flush plush slush thrush shush
-aft
-iz
-ift
-utch
raft aft craft daft draft graft raft shaft waft laughed
Liz fizz frizz quiz whiz is his biz
gift lift rift shift sift swift drift thrift miffed sniffed whiffed ski lift drift
hutch crutch clutch such much touch
-amp
-eft
-ilk
-ump
camp champ clamp cramp damp lamp ramp scamp stamp vamp
cleft deft heft left theft
milk silk bilk ilk
bump chump clump dump frump hump jump lump plump pump rump slump stump thump
-oft
-elf
-imp
loft soft coughed waft
elf self shelf
blimp chimp crimp gimp imp limp primp scrimp shrimp wimp; mt. timp
-elp
-ilt
help kelp yelp
guilt hilt lilt quilt silt spilt tilt wilt kilt stilt built
-elt
belt dealt dwelt felt knelt pelt smelt welt melt
-ate
-ide / -ied
-une / -oon / ewn
-one / -own / -oan / -ewn
-ete / -eat / -eet
ate date hate mate fate plate crate rate gate grate Kate late skate slate state eight frieght great straight bait wait weight create
tide bide bride chide glide hide pride ride side slide stride tied tried wide cried dried died fried lied spied dyed sighed decide divide guide inside
June boon coon dune goon moon noon spoon strewn lune prune tune swoon soon balloon baboon cacoon cartoon
bone blown phone clone cone drone stone flown groan / grown Joan loan / lone moan / mown own prone scone sewn shone / shown stone throne / thrown tone zone alone
beat beet bleat cheat cleat eat feat / feet fleet greet heat meat / meet neat seat sheet sleet street suite / sweet treat wheat pleat Pete tweet repeat
-ane / -ain
-ine
-oof
-ose
-ene / -een / -ean
plane cane crane Jane lane pane / pain sane rain brain drain gain main / Maine / mane train sprain strain chain Spain stain vein / vane
dine fine line mine nine pine shine shrine spine swine twine vine whine / wine sign
goof roof poof proof spoof woof
close dose gross
bean clean dean gene / jean / Jean lean mean queen green seen / scene sheen teen screen between machine thirteen colleen Maxine Irene sardine
-ade / -aid
-ite / -ight
-use / -oose / -uce
-ole / -owl / -oal
-eke / -eak / -eek
aid bade blade fade grade glade laid made / maid paid raid shade spade trade braid jade frayed prayed stayed sprayed swayed suede neighed weighed afraid band-aid
bite bright fight flight fright kite knight light might / mite night quite right sight / site slight spite sprite tight white write height excite invite termite
Bruce goose loose moose spruce truce use juice mousse Zeus deuce caboose excuse papoose produce
hole bowl coal foal goal mole pole / poll role / roll scroll sole / soul stole toll troll whole knoll
beak bleak cheek creak / creek eek freak geek Greek leak / leek meek peak / peek reek seek sleek sneak speak squeak streak weak / week tweak shriek
-ave
-ike
-ool / -ule / -oul
-ope / -oap
-ede / -ead / -eed
brave cave crave Dave gave grave knave rave save shave slave pave waive / wave they’ve behave
bike dike hike like mike / Mike pike spike strike alike dislike unlike
cool drool fool ghoul rule mule pool school spool stool Yule tool who’ll you’ll fuel
cope dope grope hope lope mope nope pope rope scope slope soap
bead bleed breed creed deed feed freed greed heed knead lead need plead read / reed seed speed wee we’d skied
-ape
-ime
-upe / -oop / -oup
-oze / -ose
-ese / -ease / -eece / -iece
ape cape drape gape grape nape scrape shape tape crepe escape
chime crime dime grime lime mime prime slime time thyme ryhme I’m climb
coop croup droop dupe group hoop loop poop scoop sloop soup stoop troop / troupe whoop bloop goop
chose close doze froze hose nose pose prose / pros those blows bows crows toes flows glows goes grows knows mows owes rows sews shows slows snows those throws tows
crease cease fleece geese grease / Greece lease niece peace / piece police
-age
-ipe
-uze / -oose / -uise / --ews
-ote / -oat
-ele / -eal / -eel
age cage page rage sage stage wage gauge
gripe pipe ripe snipe swipe wipe stripe hype type
bruise choose / chews cruise news ooze snooze use who’s whose clues glues moos screws shoes stews views zoos fuse lose
boat bloat coat dote float gloat goat moat oat quote throat tote vote wrote note
deal eel feel heal / heel keel kneel meal peel real / reel seal steal / steel teal wheel zeal (pinwheet cartwheel oatmeal)
-ame / -aim
-ive
-ute / -uit / -oot
-oke / -oak
-eme / -eam / -eem
aim blame came claim dame fame flame frame game lame maim name same shame tame
dive chive drive five hive I’ve live thrive jive alive arrive
suit boot chute coot cute flute fruit hoot loot / lute mute root / route scoot shoot toot newt
broke choke cloak coke croak joke oak poke smoke soak spoke stroke woke yoke
beam cream dream gleam ream scheme scream seam / seem steam stream team / teem theme (ice cream)
-ale / -ail
-ife
-uke / -ook
-obe
-eap / -eep
bale / bail Braille fail flail frail Gail / gale hail / hale jail kale male / mail nail pail / pale quail rail sail / sale scale snail stale tail / tale trail vale / veil whale
knife life wife strife
duke fluke kook Luke nuke spook
globe lobe probe robe strobe
beep bleep cheap / cheep creep deep heap jeep keep leap peep reap seep sheep sleep steep sweep weep asleep Bo Peep
-ase / -ace
-ise / -ice
-ube
-ome / -oam
-each
ace base / bass brace case chase face trace grace lace pace place race space vase embrace erase misplace
dice ice lice mice nice price rice slice spice twice vise / vice
cube tube (ice cube)
chrome dome foam gnome home roam loam comb
beach / beech bleach each peach preach reach teach leech screech speech
-ake / -eak
-ile
-ume / -oom
-ode / -oad
-eef / -ief
bake brake / break cake fake flake lake make rake shake stake / steak take wake snake quake ache awake quake pancake mistake
file mile Nile pile smile tile whileaisle dial I’ll isle trial awhile
boom bloom broom doom fume gloom groom loom plume room zoom tomb womb perfune
code goad load mode mowed road rode rowed strode toad towed crowed flowed glowed snowed stowed explode unload
beef brief chief grief reef thief leaf
-ize / -ise
-ude / -ood
-oach
-ez / -ease / -ees
prize rise size wise buys cries dies dries dyes eyes flies fries guys highs lies pies shies sighs skies spies thighs ties tries
Brood brewed crude dude food Jude mood mooed prude rude glued viewed stewed booed chewed
broach coach poach roach
bees ease fees flees frees knees please sees tease trees cheese breeze freeze sneeze wheeze keys peas pleas teas seas these seize skis teepees trapeze monkeys skis
-ove
cove clove dove drove grove stove wove
long a rime (-ay / -ey)
long i rime (-ie / -y)
long u rime (-oo / -ew / -ue)
long e rime (-ee / -ea / -ey)
long o rime (-ow / -oe)
Bay bray clay day fray gay gray hay / hey lay may / May nay / neigh pay play pray / prey slay / sleigh spray stray stay they tray way / weigh away birthday buffet café way (drive way) okay someday today Xray croquet subway
by / buy / bye cry die / dye dry eye / I fly fry guy hi / high lie my pie pry rye shy sigh sky sly spy thigh tie try why rye
boo moo blue / blew brew chew clue crew cue dew / do / due ewe few glue goo grew Hugh / hue knew mew moo new pew shoo / shoe stew Sue threw / through to / too / two true view whew woo who you zoo fluPooh do flu Hugh shoe through boo boo, canoe cashew cuckoo igloo shampoo yahoo choo choo boo hoo tu tu yoo hoo
bee / be fee flea / flee free glee gee key knee pea plea see / sea tee / tea three tree wee / we he she me ski monkey frisbee
blow bow crow doe / dough flow foe ho / hoe Joe glow grow know low mow row show slow snow stow throw toe tow woe / whoa fro go no oh / owe pro sew so though dough tip-toe yo-yo bow (rainbow) fro go ho oh owe shoa arrow banjo below
-aw as in “saw”
-oy as in “boy”
-ow / -ough as in “cow”
-ous as in “house”
saw paw / pa law claw draw flaw gnaw jaw raw thaw straw ma spa aah blah aah blah hah! Granma granpa seesaw utah
boy toy soy coy joy Roy Troy
bow / bough brow chow cow how now ow pow plow vow wow bow-wow pow-wow meow
blouse mouse house louse spouse
-at
-ig
-un
-et
-ot
cat fat rat at bat Nat pat sat hat mat vat chat brat flat gnat scat slat spat that Jack Sprat, acrobat, rat-a-tat-tat
big pig dig fig jig wig gig rig sprig swig twig
bun fun gun nun run sun / son pun shun spun stun ton done none won one son ton begun
bet pet set net met get jet let wet yet vet fret Brett Juliet sweat threat debt
hot pot not lot cot got rot dot jot tot blot clot plot Scott shot slot spot knot trot bought brought fought ought thought squat swat taught caught yacht apricot cannot forgot teapot
-an
-in
-uf
-en
-ob
Nan Dan ran fan can man tan pan van ban an Jan Ann(e) bran scan clan plan than; afghan, began, Batman
bin fin pin tin win in / inn din kin sin gin chin grin shin skin spin thin twin Lynn been begin engine napkin unpin violin
Puff buff cuff huff bluff fluff gruff stuff scuff scruff snuff tough rough handcuff
pen den Ben ten men hen ken Len glen wren then when amen pigpen playpen lion’s den
job cob Bob / bob rob sob mob knob gob hob lob blob snob throb swab
-ad
-id
-us
-eck
-op
bad dad had mad pad sad add tad fad lad cad Brad Chad clad glad grad plaid
bid did hid kid lid rid Sid grid skid slid squid undid eyelid
bus Gus us pus fuss plus
neck peck check deck fleck speck wreck trek
hop pop sop top hop mop cop lop chop crop drop slop stop bop clop flop plop prop shop swap flip-flop hip-hop pop-top
-ap
-it
-ul
-ed
-ock
cap lap tap nap gap map rap sap zap clap chap flap strap trap wrapscrap snap, unwrap; tap (water tap)
bit fit hit kit lit pit sit it wit mitt flit grit knit quit slit spit outfit
gull dull cull lull hull null skull bull full pull wool seagull
bed led fed red read Ted Ned Ed wed Jed bled fled Fred shred sled bred shed sped bread dead dread head spread spred thread tread lead said ahead bedspread
lock rock dock sock block clock crock doc flock frock stock jock knock mock shock smock gawk hawk squawk talk walk chalk wokticktok knock sidewalk
-ag
-ib
-up
-eg
-od
bag gag lag sag nag rag tag wag hag jag hag brag flag crag drag snag; ragtag; zigzag
bib fib rib jib nib crib glib
cup pup up sup yup backup blowup break up catch up check up chin up clean up close-up cover up hiccup ketchup push-up stick-up teacup wake-up warm-up
beg peg leg keg Meg egg keg
cod nod pod rod sod odd clod plod prod Todd trod sawed pawed squad quad wad
-am
-ic / -ick
-uz
-ess
-ol (-all)
dam ham jam Pam Sam ram tam yam am clam gram scram swam lamb cram slam graham, ma’am; flimflam; whim wham
Dick kick nick / Nick lick pick Rick sick tick wick brick chick click flick Vic brick quick slick stick thick tic / tick trick wick quick
buzz fuzz does was because
yes less Bess mess bless chess dress stress press Tess guess
doll loll Sol all ball / bawl call fall gall mall small hall / haul Paul Saul sprawl crawl
-ab
-im
-ut
-el
-ox
cab dab jab nab tab gab lab blab crab scab slab grab
dim him / hymn Jim rim Tim Kim brim skim swim trim whim grim
but cut hut nut rut gut jut mutt putt glut shut strut what
Bell Mel sell / cell fell tell well yell dwell smell spell gel / jell Nell shell swell carousel cowbell doorbell hotel motel Noel nutshell seashell
box ox fox lox Xerox pox blocks clocks knocks locks rocks shocks socks talks walks hawks
-ax
-ip
-ug
-em
-og
tax wax Max flax fax ax (for wood) slacks cracks jacks packs quacks snacks tracks
dip hip lip nip rip sip tip zip yip strip whip slip skip ship trip Kip drip clip blip chip flip grip pip gyp Q-tip chips and dip paper clip
bug dug hug jug lug mug pug rug tug drug plug shrug smug snug thug
hem gem stem them
fog frog smog jog log hog clog flog bog dog grog catalog
-al
-ish
-uck
-ep
-om
pal gal Sal Cal Hal Val Al shall corral
dish fish wish squish swish licoricegibberish
buck duck luck tuck chuck cluck pluck puck struck truck stuck muck suck yuck stuck-in-muck
pep step prep yep footstep doorstep
Tom mom prom bomb calm palm
-as
-itch
-ub
-eb
-on
gas bass mass pass brass class glass grass
ditch glitch hitch itch pitch witch which stitch twitch snitch rich
cub hub rub sub tub dub nub pub club scrub snub stub flub shrub rub-a-dub
web Deb Jeb Zeb ebb
on con yon Don Lon Ron John gone dawn drawn fawn lawn pawn yawn swan baton coupon pecan salon
-ak (ack)
-if
-um
-ud
-oss
back lack jack / Jack pack rack sack tack shack black crack knack quack slack whack thwack track smack snack stack backpack flapjack haystack knickknack paperback piggyback Tic Tac unpack
if cliff sniff stiff tiff miff whiff handkerchief
gum hum sum / some yum bum mum rum chum drum glum plum / plumb scum slum swum strum from come crumb dumb numb thumb some from crumb dumb numb plumb plum thumb medium tweeledum
bud Judd mud cud dud scud spud stud thud crud blood flood Milk Dud
loss boss moss toss cross floss gloss sauce
-ash
-is
-il
-ush
cash ash dash lash mash rash bash brash clash crash gash slash smash thrash trash sash splash eyelash mustache
sis hiss kiss miss bliss this
Gil ill kill bill Lil Jill mill fill will till hill pill will Bill sill spill dill frill chill grill drill shrill still thrill gill
hush mush rush gush lush brush blush crush flush plush slush thrush shush
-aft
-iz
-ift
-utch
raft aft craft daft draft graft raft shaft waft laughed
Liz fizz frizz quiz whiz is his biz
gift lift rift shift sift swift drift thrift miffed sniffed whiffed ski lift drift
hutch crutch clutch such much touch
-amp
-eft
-ilk
-ump
camp champ clamp cramp damp lamp ramp scamp stamp vamp
cleft deft heft left theft
milk silk bilk ilk
bump chump clump dump frump hump jump lump plump pump rump slump stump thump
-oft
-elf
-imp
loft soft coughed waft
elf self shelf
blimp chimp crimp gimp imp limp primp scrimp shrimp wimp; mt. timp
-elp
-ilt
help kelp yelp
guilt hilt lilt quilt silt spilt tilt wilt kilt stilt built
-elt
belt dealt dwelt felt knelt pelt smelt welt melt
-ate
-ide / -ied
-une / -oon / ewn
-one / -own / -oan / -ewn
-ete / -eat / -eet
ate date hate mate fate plate crate rate gate grate Kate late skate slate state eight frieght great straight bait wait weight create
tide bide bride chide glide hide pride ride side slide stride tied tried wide cried dried died fried lied spied dyed sighed decide divide guide inside
June boon coon dune goon moon noon spoon strewn lune prune tune swoon soon balloon baboon cacoon cartoon
bone blown phone clone cone drone stone flown groan / grown Joan loan / lone moan / mown own prone scone sewn shone / shown stone throne / thrown tone zone alone
beat beet bleat cheat cleat eat feat / feet fleet greet heat meat / meet neat seat sheet sleet street suite / sweet treat wheat pleat Pete tweet repeat
-ane / -ain
-ine
-oof
-ose
-ene / -een / -ean
plane cane crane Jane lane pane / pain sane rain brain drain gain main / Maine / mane train sprain strain chain Spain stain vein / vane
dine fine line mine nine pine shine shrine spine swine twine vine whine / wine sign
goof roof poof proof spoof woof
close dose gross
bean clean dean gene / jean / Jean lean mean queen green seen / scene sheen teen screen between machine thirteen colleen Maxine Irene sardine
-ade / -aid
-ite / -ight
-use / -oose / -uce
-ole / -owl / -oal
-eke / -eak / -eek
aid bade blade fade grade glade laid made / maid paid raid shade spade trade braid jade frayed prayed stayed sprayed swayed suede neighed weighed afraid band-aid
bite bright fight flight fright kite knight light might / mite night quite right sight / site slight spite sprite tight white write height excite invite termite
Bruce goose loose moose spruce truce use juice mousse Zeus deuce caboose excuse papoose produce
hole bowl coal foal goal mole pole / poll role / roll scroll sole / soul stole toll troll whole knoll
beak bleak cheek creak / creek eek freak geek Greek leak / leek meek peak / peek reek seek sleek sneak speak squeak streak weak / week tweak shriek
-ave
-ike
-ool / -ule / -oul
-ope / -oap
-ede / -ead / -eed
brave cave crave Dave gave grave knave rave save shave slave pave waive / wave they’ve behave
bike dike hike like mike / Mike pike spike strike alike dislike unlike
cool drool fool ghoul rule mule pool school spool stool Yule tool who’ll you’ll fuel
cope dope grope hope lope mope nope pope rope scope slope soap
bead bleed breed creed deed feed freed greed heed knead lead need plead read / reed seed speed wee we’d skied
-ape
-ime
-upe / -oop / -oup
-oze / -ose
-ese / -ease / -eece / -iece
ape cape drape gape grape nape scrape shape tape crepe escape
chime crime dime grime lime mime prime slime time thyme ryhme I’m climb
coop croup droop dupe group hoop loop poop scoop sloop soup stoop troop / troupe whoop bloop goop
chose close doze froze hose nose pose prose / pros those blows bows crows toes flows glows goes grows knows mows owes rows sews shows slows snows those throws tows
crease cease fleece geese grease / Greece lease niece peace / piece police
-age
-ipe
-uze / -oose / -uise / --ews
-ote / -oat
-ele / -eal / -eel
age cage page rage sage stage wage gauge
gripe pipe ripe snipe swipe wipe stripe hype type
bruise choose / chews cruise news ooze snooze use who’s whose clues glues moos screws shoes stews views zoos fuse lose
boat bloat coat dote float gloat goat moat oat quote throat tote vote wrote note
deal eel feel heal / heel keel kneel meal peel real / reel seal steal / steel teal wheel zeal (pinwheet cartwheel oatmeal)
-ame / -aim
-ive
-ute / -uit / -oot
-oke / -oak
-eme / -eam / -eem
aim blame came claim dame fame flame frame game lame maim name same shame tame
dive chive drive five hive I’ve live thrive jive alive arrive
suit boot chute coot cute flute fruit hoot loot / lute mute root / route scoot shoot toot newt
broke choke cloak coke croak joke oak poke smoke soak spoke stroke woke yoke
beam cream dream gleam ream scheme scream seam / seem steam stream team / teem theme (ice cream)
-ale / -ail
-ife
-uke / -ook
-obe
-eap / -eep
bale / bail Braille fail flail frail Gail / gale hail / hale jail kale male / mail nail pail / pale quail rail sail / sale scale snail stale tail / tale trail vale / veil whale
knife life wife strife
duke fluke kook Luke nuke spook
globe lobe probe robe strobe
beep bleep cheap / cheep creep deep heap jeep keep leap peep reap seep sheep sleep steep sweep weep asleep Bo Peep
-ase / -ace
-ise / -ice
-ube
-ome / -oam
-each
ace base / bass brace case chase face trace grace lace pace place race space vase embrace erase misplace
dice ice lice mice nice price rice slice spice twice vise / vice
cube tube (ice cube)
chrome dome foam gnome home roam loam comb
beach / beech bleach each peach preach reach teach leech screech speech
-ake / -eak
-ile
-ume / -oom
-ode / -oad
-eef / -ief
bake brake / break cake fake flake lake make rake shake stake / steak take wake snake quake ache awake quake pancake mistake
file mile Nile pile smile tile whileaisle dial I’ll isle trial awhile
boom bloom broom doom fume gloom groom loom plume room zoom tomb womb perfune
code goad load mode mowed road rode rowed strode toad towed crowed flowed glowed snowed stowed explode unload
beef brief chief grief reef thief leaf
-ize / -ise
-ude / -ood
-oach
-ez / -ease / -ees
prize rise size wise buys cries dies dries dyes eyes flies fries guys highs lies pies shies sighs skies spies thighs ties tries
Brood brewed crude dude food Jude mood mooed prude rude glued viewed stewed booed chewed
broach coach poach roach
bees ease fees flees frees knees please sees tease trees cheese breeze freeze sneeze wheeze keys peas pleas teas seas these seize skis teepees trapeze monkeys skis
-ove
cove clove dove drove grove stove wove
long a rime (-ay / -ey)
long i rime (-ie / -y)
long u rime (-oo / -ew / -ue)
long e rime (-ee / -ea / -ey)
long o rime (-ow / -oe)
Bay bray clay day fray gay gray hay / hey lay may / May nay / neigh pay play pray / prey slay / sleigh spray stray stay they tray way / weigh away birthday buffet café way (drive way) okay someday today Xray croquet subway
by / buy / bye cry die / dye dry eye / I fly fry guy hi / high lie my pie pry rye shy sigh sky sly spy thigh tie try why rye
boo moo blue / blew brew chew clue crew cue dew / do / due ewe few glue goo grew Hugh / hue knew mew moo new pew shoo / shoe stew Sue threw / through to / too / two true view whew woo who you zoo fluPooh do flu Hugh shoe through boo boo, canoe cashew cuckoo igloo shampoo yahoo choo choo boo hoo tu tu yoo hoo
bee / be fee flea / flee free glee gee key knee pea plea see / sea tee / tea three tree wee / we he she me ski monkey frisbee
blow bow crow doe / dough flow foe ho / hoe Joe glow grow know low mow row show slow snow stow throw toe tow woe / whoa fro go no oh / owe pro sew so though dough tip-toe yo-yo bow (rainbow) fro go ho oh owe shoa arrow banjo below
-aw as in “saw”
-oy as in “boy”
-ow / -ough as in “cow”
-ous as in “house”
saw paw / pa law claw draw flaw gnaw jaw raw thaw straw ma spa aah blah aah blah hah! Granma granpa seesaw utah
boy toy soy coy joy Roy Troy
bow / bough brow chow cow how now ow pow plow vow wow bow-wow pow-wow meow
blouse mouse house louse spouse
grammar test (2)
Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
Parts of Speech
Matching
Identifying Nouns
Select the letter of the choice that best identifies the bolded noun.
a. proper c. abstract
b. concrete d. collective
____ 1. Henry II, king of England (1133–1189), was the grandson of William the Conqueror.
____ 2. Henry’s rule extended over an empire that stretched from the Pyrenees north to Scotland.
____ 3. As the wife of Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine reigned as queen from 1154 to 1189.
____ 4. During his reign as king of England (1189–1199), Richard the Lion-Hearted, Henry’s son, led a victorious army in the Crusades.
Identifying Pronouns
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the pronoun.
____ 5. You have to believe in yourself if you ever expect to be successful at something.
____ 6. I can’t believe that my cousin signed a contract with the Lakers; this has to be a dream.
____ 7. Not all of the merchandise was high quality; some was imperfect.
____ 8. They are the students who studied at Strasbourg last year.
____ 9. Anita herself won’t be able to carry that heavy load up the stairs.
____ 10. Whom should I invite to the dance this weekend?
____ 11. Of all the entries in the science fair, Mr. Sanchez thinks ours is the best.
____ 12. The first person who spoke at the meeting was Yvonne.
Identifying Verbs
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the verb or verbs.
a. transitive verb
b. intransitive verb
c. linking verb
d. auxiliaryverb
e. verb phrase
____ 13. Lynn had finished hours before the deadline arrived.
____ 14. Tony and Mario left for the lake just before six in the morning.
____ 15. Five-year-old Jackie became restless during the long drive.
____ 16. We watched the play with riveted attention.
____ 17. The team should be arriving at the train station no later than ten o’clock.
Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the adjective or adverb.
a. positive adjective
b. comparative adjective
c. superlative adjective
d. positive adverb
e. comparative adverb
f. superlative adverb
g. proper adjective
____ 18. I couldn’t see the picture clearly.
____ 19. The chocolate cake disappeared fastest from the dessert table.
____ 20. Usually when you choose a center for your team, you pick someone who is tall.
____ 21. Jessie has to work harder at chemistry than at algebra.
____ 22. The coldest temperature that Nigel experienced was fifteen degrees below zero.
____ 23. My favorite baseball team is the Boston Red Sox.
____ 24. How could anyone give a briefer speech than the one George gave?
Identifying Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the word or words.
a. preposition d. subordinating conjunction
b. coordinating conjunction e. conjunctive adverb
c. correlative conjunctions f. interjection
____ 25. Both she and Marcus have practiced hard for their opening night.
____ 26. I believe that the box you are looking for is under the table.
____ 27. Noah wants to go to the game; besides, we have no other plans.
____ 28. “Oh,” she groaned, “I’m never going to finish now!”
____ 29. Daryl would like to go, but he has a previous engagement.
____ 30. Although she left early, Maria said that she had enjoyed the picnic.
Parts of Speech
Matching
Identifying Nouns
Select the letter of the choice that best identifies the bolded noun.
a. proper c. abstract
b. concrete d. collective
____ 1. Henry II, king of England (1133–1189), was the grandson of William the Conqueror.
____ 2. Henry’s rule extended over an empire that stretched from the Pyrenees north to Scotland.
____ 3. As the wife of Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine reigned as queen from 1154 to 1189.
____ 4. During his reign as king of England (1189–1199), Richard the Lion-Hearted, Henry’s son, led a victorious army in the Crusades.
Identifying Pronouns
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the pronoun.
____ 5. You have to believe in yourself if you ever expect to be successful at something.
____ 6. I can’t believe that my cousin signed a contract with the Lakers; this has to be a dream.
____ 7. Not all of the merchandise was high quality; some was imperfect.
____ 8. They are the students who studied at Strasbourg last year.
____ 9. Anita herself won’t be able to carry that heavy load up the stairs.
____ 10. Whom should I invite to the dance this weekend?
____ 11. Of all the entries in the science fair, Mr. Sanchez thinks ours is the best.
____ 12. The first person who spoke at the meeting was Yvonne.
Identifying Verbs
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the verb or verbs.
a. transitive verb
b. intransitive verb
c. linking verb
d. auxiliaryverb
e. verb phrase
____ 13. Lynn had finished hours before the deadline arrived.
____ 14. Tony and Mario left for the lake just before six in the morning.
____ 15. Five-year-old Jackie became restless during the long drive.
____ 16. We watched the play with riveted attention.
____ 17. The team should be arriving at the train station no later than ten o’clock.
Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the adjective or adverb.
a. positive adjective
b. comparative adjective
c. superlative adjective
d. positive adverb
e. comparative adverb
f. superlative adverb
g. proper adjective
____ 18. I couldn’t see the picture clearly.
____ 19. The chocolate cake disappeared fastest from the dessert table.
____ 20. Usually when you choose a center for your team, you pick someone who is tall.
____ 21. Jessie has to work harder at chemistry than at algebra.
____ 22. The coldest temperature that Nigel experienced was fifteen degrees below zero.
____ 23. My favorite baseball team is the Boston Red Sox.
____ 24. How could anyone give a briefer speech than the one George gave?
Identifying Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
Select the letter of the choice that correctly identifies the word or words.
a. preposition d. subordinating conjunction
b. coordinating conjunction e. conjunctive adverb
c. correlative conjunctions f. interjection
____ 25. Both she and Marcus have practiced hard for their opening night.
____ 26. I believe that the box you are looking for is under the table.
____ 27. Noah wants to go to the game; besides, we have no other plans.
____ 28. “Oh,” she groaned, “I’m never going to finish now!”
____ 29. Daryl would like to go, but he has a previous engagement.
____ 30. Although she left early, Maria said that she had enjoyed the picnic.
grammar test
1. In the sentence "Billy ate his friend Jack. " what is the verb?
A) ateB) JackC) BillyD) friend
2. In the sentence " Jerille is running to the store." which words are verbs ?
A) JerilleB) storeC) toD) is running
3. In the sentence "Kansas doen't have many people." which words are nouns ?A) haveB) manyC) Kansas peopleD) doesn't
4. In the sentence "When we go to the movies, we eat popcorn." what are the verbs?A) go eatB) popcornC) to whenD) movies we
5. In the sentence "I love eating spicy food at Mexican restaurants." what are the adjectives ?A) Mexican foodB) restaurants eatingC) I loveD) Mexican spicy
6. In the sentence "Run home quickly and quietly tell Mom that I am sick." what are the averbs?A) quickly quietlyB) quickly homeC) quietly hurtD) hurt run
7. In the sentence "Lunch at school is never very good." what is the verb?
A) goodB) veryC) isD) never
8. In the sentence "I was at the store" what is the verb?
A) storeB) atC) theD) was
9. In the sentence "Can we eat large pieces of pie? what is the adjective ?
A) pieB) largeC) canD) pieces
10. In the sentence "The car goes really fast when it flies over the people." what is the adjective ?A) goesB) peopleC) fliesD) fast
A) ateB) JackC) BillyD) friend
2. In the sentence " Jerille is running to the store." which words are verbs ?
A) JerilleB) storeC) toD) is running
3. In the sentence "Kansas doen't have many people." which words are nouns ?A) haveB) manyC) Kansas peopleD) doesn't
4. In the sentence "When we go to the movies, we eat popcorn." what are the verbs?A) go eatB) popcornC) to whenD) movies we
5. In the sentence "I love eating spicy food at Mexican restaurants." what are the adjectives ?A) Mexican foodB) restaurants eatingC) I loveD) Mexican spicy
6. In the sentence "Run home quickly and quietly tell Mom that I am sick." what are the averbs?A) quickly quietlyB) quickly homeC) quietly hurtD) hurt run
7. In the sentence "Lunch at school is never very good." what is the verb?
A) goodB) veryC) isD) never
8. In the sentence "I was at the store" what is the verb?
A) storeB) atC) theD) was
9. In the sentence "Can we eat large pieces of pie? what is the adjective ?
A) pieB) largeC) canD) pieces
10. In the sentence "The car goes really fast when it flies over the people." what is the adjective ?A) goesB) peopleC) fliesD) fast
more cahsee questions
CAHSEE English Practice Questions
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Daniel Boone will always occupy a unique place in our history as the archetype of the hunter and wilderness wanderer. He was a true pioneer, and stood at the head of that class of Indian-fighters, game-hunters, forest-fellers, and backwoods farmers who, generation after generation, pushed westward the border of civilization from the Alleghenies to the Pacific. As he himself said, he was "an instrument ordained of God to settle the wilderness." Born in Pennsylvania , he drifted south into western North Carolina , and settled on what was then the extreme frontier. There he married, built a log cabin, and hunted, chopped trees, and tilled the ground like any other frontiersman. The Alleghany Mountains still marked a boundary beyond which the settlers dared not go; for west of them lay immense reaches of frowning forest, uninhabited save by bands of warlike Indians. Occasionally some venturesome hunter or trapper penetrated this immense wilderness, and returned with strange stories of what he had seen and done.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A: 'The Birth of Daniel Boone' B: 'The Great American Pioneers' C: 'The Life of Daniel Boone' D: 'Daniel Boone's Parents'
2. Who is the most likely author of this passage? A: Indian B: American folklorist C: Newspaper columnist D: Poet
3. What literary device is the author using in the phrase 'frowning forest'? A: personification B: simile C: metaphor D: alliteration
4. What does the word 'game-hunter' mean about Boone? A: He loved to play in the woods. B: He hunted animals. C: He was an excellent chess player. D: He was always ready for action.
5. Based on the passage, which is the most likely birth year for Daniel Boone? A: 1476 B: 1734 C: 1945 D: 1850
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. The houses in Peking are built in a very rambling fashion, covering a large amount of ground, and our former house was no exception to the rule. It had sixteen small houses, one story high, containing about 175 rooms, arranged in quadrangles facing the courtyard, which went to make up the whole; and so placed, that without having to actually go out of doors, you could go from one to the other by verandas built along the front and enclosed in glass. My reader will wonder what possible use we could make of all of these rooms; but what with our large family, numerous secretaries, Chinese writers, messengers, servants, mafoos (coachmen), and chair coolies, it was not a difficult task to use them. The gardens surrounding the houses were arranged in the Chinese way, with small lakes, stocked with gold fish, and in which the beautiful lotus flower grew; crossed by bridges; large weeping willows along the banks; and many different varieties of flowers in prettily arranged flower beds, running along winding paths, which wound in and out between the lakes. At the time we left for Paris , in the month of June, 1899, the gardens were a solid mass of flowers and foliage, and much admired by all who saw them.
6. What kind of text would this passage most likely appear in? A: editorial B: high school yearbook C: autobiography D: epic poem
7. The purpose of this passage is: A: interrogative B: descriptive C: imperative D: exclamatory
8. Which of the following words probably describes the author? A: wealthy B: foolish C: Chinese D: poor
9. What does the author mean when she says that houses in Peking were built in a 'rambling fashion'? A: They moved from place to place. B: They were very beautiful. C: They were spread out over a large area. D: They were uncomfortable to live in.
10. What is the most likely definition of 'coolie'? A: jazz musician B: donkey C: warlord D: servant
Answer Key
1. C. Boone's life is the subject of the passage.
2. B. The tone of the passage indicates that the author approves of Boone.
3. A. Personification is when something that is not a person is described as if it were a person.
4. B. The word 'game' can mean animals that are hunted by humans.
5. B. The fact that western North Carolina was considered the 'extreme frontier' indicates the years in which Boone lived.
6. C. The passage sounds like a description of the author's childhood.
7. B. The purpose of the passage is to describe the author's home and garden in China.
8. A. The author would need to be wealthy to have so many servants and such a large home.
9. C. The word 'rambling' means spread out over a large space.
10. D. A coolie is a Chinese servant, in this case one who carries a chair.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Daniel Boone will always occupy a unique place in our history as the archetype of the hunter and wilderness wanderer. He was a true pioneer, and stood at the head of that class of Indian-fighters, game-hunters, forest-fellers, and backwoods farmers who, generation after generation, pushed westward the border of civilization from the Alleghenies to the Pacific. As he himself said, he was "an instrument ordained of God to settle the wilderness." Born in Pennsylvania , he drifted south into western North Carolina , and settled on what was then the extreme frontier. There he married, built a log cabin, and hunted, chopped trees, and tilled the ground like any other frontiersman. The Alleghany Mountains still marked a boundary beyond which the settlers dared not go; for west of them lay immense reaches of frowning forest, uninhabited save by bands of warlike Indians. Occasionally some venturesome hunter or trapper penetrated this immense wilderness, and returned with strange stories of what he had seen and done.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A: 'The Birth of Daniel Boone' B: 'The Great American Pioneers' C: 'The Life of Daniel Boone' D: 'Daniel Boone's Parents'
2. Who is the most likely author of this passage? A: Indian B: American folklorist C: Newspaper columnist D: Poet
3. What literary device is the author using in the phrase 'frowning forest'? A: personification B: simile C: metaphor D: alliteration
4. What does the word 'game-hunter' mean about Boone? A: He loved to play in the woods. B: He hunted animals. C: He was an excellent chess player. D: He was always ready for action.
5. Based on the passage, which is the most likely birth year for Daniel Boone? A: 1476 B: 1734 C: 1945 D: 1850
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. The houses in Peking are built in a very rambling fashion, covering a large amount of ground, and our former house was no exception to the rule. It had sixteen small houses, one story high, containing about 175 rooms, arranged in quadrangles facing the courtyard, which went to make up the whole; and so placed, that without having to actually go out of doors, you could go from one to the other by verandas built along the front and enclosed in glass. My reader will wonder what possible use we could make of all of these rooms; but what with our large family, numerous secretaries, Chinese writers, messengers, servants, mafoos (coachmen), and chair coolies, it was not a difficult task to use them. The gardens surrounding the houses were arranged in the Chinese way, with small lakes, stocked with gold fish, and in which the beautiful lotus flower grew; crossed by bridges; large weeping willows along the banks; and many different varieties of flowers in prettily arranged flower beds, running along winding paths, which wound in and out between the lakes. At the time we left for Paris , in the month of June, 1899, the gardens were a solid mass of flowers and foliage, and much admired by all who saw them.
6. What kind of text would this passage most likely appear in? A: editorial B: high school yearbook C: autobiography D: epic poem
7. The purpose of this passage is: A: interrogative B: descriptive C: imperative D: exclamatory
8. Which of the following words probably describes the author? A: wealthy B: foolish C: Chinese D: poor
9. What does the author mean when she says that houses in Peking were built in a 'rambling fashion'? A: They moved from place to place. B: They were very beautiful. C: They were spread out over a large area. D: They were uncomfortable to live in.
10. What is the most likely definition of 'coolie'? A: jazz musician B: donkey C: warlord D: servant
Answer Key
1. C. Boone's life is the subject of the passage.
2. B. The tone of the passage indicates that the author approves of Boone.
3. A. Personification is when something that is not a person is described as if it were a person.
4. B. The word 'game' can mean animals that are hunted by humans.
5. B. The fact that western North Carolina was considered the 'extreme frontier' indicates the years in which Boone lived.
6. C. The passage sounds like a description of the author's childhood.
7. B. The purpose of the passage is to describe the author's home and garden in China.
8. A. The author would need to be wealthy to have so many servants and such a large home.
9. C. The word 'rambling' means spread out over a large space.
10. D. A coolie is a Chinese servant, in this case one who carries a chair.
more sentence cashee questions
1. Everyone in the bank-including the manager and the tellers, ran to the door when the fire alarm rang.
A. tellers, ran B. tellers:ran C. tellers, had run D. tellers-ran E. tellers' ran”
2. To no ones surprise, Joe didn't have his homework ready.
A. no ones surprise B. noones surprise C. no-ones surprise D. no ones' surprise E. no one's surprise
3. If he would have read “The White Birds,” he might have liked William Butler Yeats's poetry.
A. would have read B. could have read C. would of read D. could of read E. had read
4. After the hurricane, uprooted trees were laying all over the ground.
A. were laying B. lying C. were lying D. were laid E. was laid
5. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), the great Transcendentalist philosopher, wrote in his essay “Self-Reliance” of the need for an individual to develop his capacities.
A. essay “Self–Reliance” B. essay, “Self-Reliance” C. essay: Self-Reliance D. essay, Self-Reliance E. essay; “Self-Reliance”
6. The recently built children's amusement park has been called “ a boon to the community “ by its supporters and “an eyesore” by its harshest critics.
A. and “an eyesore” by its harshest B. and, “ an eyesore,” by its harshest C. and, an eyesore; by its harshest D. and-an eyesore- by its' harshest E. and-“an eyesore”- by its' harshest
7. I always have trouble remembering the meaning of these two common verbs, affect (to change” or “to influence”) and effect (“to cause” or “ to accomplish ) . “
A. “ to accomplish ). “ B. “ to accomplish” ). C. “to accomplish). D. To accomplish. E. ( “ to accomplish. “ )
8. My class just finished reading- “ The Fall of the House of Usher “, a short story by Edgar Allen Poe.
A. reading- “ The Fall of the House of Usher”, B. reading, The Fall of the House of Usher, C. reading “The Fall of the House of Usher, “ D. reading, The Fall of the house of Usher, “ E. reading: The Fall of the House of Usher-
9. After it was repaired it ran perfect again.
A. ran perfect B. ran perfectly C. could run perfect D. could of run perfect E. would run perfectly
10. "Are there two e's in beetle," asked Margo?
A. there two e's in beetle," asked Margo? B. their two e's in beetle?" asked Margo. C. there two e's in beetle," asked Margo? D. there two e's in beetle?" asked Margo. E. there two e's in beetle, asked Margo?
11. The circus audience received a well-deserved round of applause for the perfectly timed acrobatic stunt.
A. audience received a well-deserved B. audience gave a well deserved C. audience did receive a well deserved D. audience gave a well-deserved E. audience did get a well-deserved
12. Looking directly at me, my Mother said, “ These are your options: the choice is yours.”
A. Mother said, “ These are your options: the choice is B. Mother said- these are your options, the choice is C. Mother had said, These are your options; the choice is D. Mother had said, “These are your options; the choice is E. Mother said, “These are your options; the choice is
13. Porcupine is from Latin porcus, “pig,” and spina, “spine.”
A. porcus, “pig,” and spina, “spine.” B. Porcus-pig and spina, “spine.” C. Porcus-pig, and Spina, “spine.” D. Porcus-Pig-,Spina-spine. E. Porcus, “pig,” and spina “spine”.
14. Seeing the dolphins, some sharks, a killer whale, and a Moray eel made the visit to the marine park worthwhile.
A. a killer whale, and a Moray eel made the visit B. a killer whale, and a moray eel made the visit C. a killer whale and a moray eel makes the visit D. a killer whale and a Moray eel makes the visit E. a killer whale and a moray eel made the visit
15. Still, the fact that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and in them, perhaps, a planet that does support life.
A. that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and B. that a Planet exists out side our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist and C. could be that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and D. that a planet exist outside our solar systems encourage hope that other solar systems exist, and E. that a planet does exists out side our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and
16. Mail-order shopping can be convenient and timesaving with appropriate precautions, it is safe as well.
A. can be convenient and timesaving B. can be convenient and timesaving; C. should be convenient and time saving; D. could be convenient and time saving; E. can be convenient and time-saving;
17. Among the many fields of science, no matter what turns you on, there are several fields of study.
A. science, no matter what turns you on, B. Science, no matter what turns you on, C. Science, no matter which you chose, D. Science, no matter which of these you chose- E. science, no matter which you choose,
18. The fact that boxing is known to cause head injuries and brain damage should lead us to inform the public and push for a ban on boxing.
A. should lead us to inform B. could lead us to inform C. should of led us to inform D. will lead us to inform E. should have led us to inform,
19. The first part of the test was on chemistry, the second on mathematics, and the third on english.
A. on mathematics, and the third on english. B. on mathematics; and the third on English. C. on Mathematics; and the third on English. D. on mathematics, and the third on English. E. on mathematics: and the third on English.
20. The Diary of Anne Frank showed a young girl's courage during two years of hiding.
A. showed a young girl's courage B. shows a young girl's courage C. did show a young girls courage D. has shown a young girl's courage E. showed a young girl's courage
21. In August my parents will be married for twenty-five years.
A. will be married for twenty-five years. B. shall have been married for twenty-five years. C. will have been married for twenty-five years. D. will be married for twenty five years. E. will have married for twenty-five years.
Answer Key 1. D 2. E 3. E 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. E 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. E 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C
A. tellers, ran B. tellers:ran C. tellers, had run D. tellers-ran E. tellers' ran”
2. To no ones surprise, Joe didn't have his homework ready.
A. no ones surprise B. noones surprise C. no-ones surprise D. no ones' surprise E. no one's surprise
3. If he would have read “The White Birds,” he might have liked William Butler Yeats's poetry.
A. would have read B. could have read C. would of read D. could of read E. had read
4. After the hurricane, uprooted trees were laying all over the ground.
A. were laying B. lying C. were lying D. were laid E. was laid
5. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), the great Transcendentalist philosopher, wrote in his essay “Self-Reliance” of the need for an individual to develop his capacities.
A. essay “Self–Reliance” B. essay, “Self-Reliance” C. essay: Self-Reliance D. essay, Self-Reliance E. essay; “Self-Reliance”
6. The recently built children's amusement park has been called “ a boon to the community “ by its supporters and “an eyesore” by its harshest critics.
A. and “an eyesore” by its harshest B. and, “ an eyesore,” by its harshest C. and, an eyesore; by its harshest D. and-an eyesore- by its' harshest E. and-“an eyesore”- by its' harshest
7. I always have trouble remembering the meaning of these two common verbs, affect (to change” or “to influence”) and effect (“to cause” or “ to accomplish ) . “
A. “ to accomplish ). “ B. “ to accomplish” ). C. “to accomplish). D. To accomplish. E. ( “ to accomplish. “ )
8. My class just finished reading- “ The Fall of the House of Usher “, a short story by Edgar Allen Poe.
A. reading- “ The Fall of the House of Usher”, B. reading, The Fall of the House of Usher, C. reading “The Fall of the House of Usher, “ D. reading, The Fall of the house of Usher, “ E. reading: The Fall of the House of Usher-
9. After it was repaired it ran perfect again.
A. ran perfect B. ran perfectly C. could run perfect D. could of run perfect E. would run perfectly
10. "Are there two e's in beetle," asked Margo?
A. there two e's in beetle," asked Margo? B. their two e's in beetle?" asked Margo. C. there two e's in beetle," asked Margo? D. there two e's in beetle?" asked Margo. E. there two e's in beetle, asked Margo?
11. The circus audience received a well-deserved round of applause for the perfectly timed acrobatic stunt.
A. audience received a well-deserved B. audience gave a well deserved C. audience did receive a well deserved D. audience gave a well-deserved E. audience did get a well-deserved
12. Looking directly at me, my Mother said, “ These are your options: the choice is yours.”
A. Mother said, “ These are your options: the choice is B. Mother said- these are your options, the choice is C. Mother had said, These are your options; the choice is D. Mother had said, “These are your options; the choice is E. Mother said, “These are your options; the choice is
13. Porcupine is from Latin porcus, “pig,” and spina, “spine.”
A. porcus, “pig,” and spina, “spine.” B. Porcus-pig and spina, “spine.” C. Porcus-pig, and Spina, “spine.” D. Porcus-Pig-,Spina-spine. E. Porcus, “pig,” and spina “spine”.
14. Seeing the dolphins, some sharks, a killer whale, and a Moray eel made the visit to the marine park worthwhile.
A. a killer whale, and a Moray eel made the visit B. a killer whale, and a moray eel made the visit C. a killer whale and a moray eel makes the visit D. a killer whale and a Moray eel makes the visit E. a killer whale and a moray eel made the visit
15. Still, the fact that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and in them, perhaps, a planet that does support life.
A. that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and B. that a Planet exists out side our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist and C. could be that a planet exists outside our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and D. that a planet exist outside our solar systems encourage hope that other solar systems exist, and E. that a planet does exists out side our solar system encourages hope that other solar systems exist, and
16. Mail-order shopping can be convenient and timesaving with appropriate precautions, it is safe as well.
A. can be convenient and timesaving B. can be convenient and timesaving; C. should be convenient and time saving; D. could be convenient and time saving; E. can be convenient and time-saving;
17. Among the many fields of science, no matter what turns you on, there are several fields of study.
A. science, no matter what turns you on, B. Science, no matter what turns you on, C. Science, no matter which you chose, D. Science, no matter which of these you chose- E. science, no matter which you choose,
18. The fact that boxing is known to cause head injuries and brain damage should lead us to inform the public and push for a ban on boxing.
A. should lead us to inform B. could lead us to inform C. should of led us to inform D. will lead us to inform E. should have led us to inform,
19. The first part of the test was on chemistry, the second on mathematics, and the third on english.
A. on mathematics, and the third on english. B. on mathematics; and the third on English. C. on Mathematics; and the third on English. D. on mathematics, and the third on English. E. on mathematics: and the third on English.
20. The Diary of Anne Frank showed a young girl's courage during two years of hiding.
A. showed a young girl's courage B. shows a young girl's courage C. did show a young girls courage D. has shown a young girl's courage E. showed a young girl's courage
21. In August my parents will be married for twenty-five years.
A. will be married for twenty-five years. B. shall have been married for twenty-five years. C. will have been married for twenty-five years. D. will be married for twenty five years. E. will have married for twenty-five years.
Answer Key 1. D 2. E 3. E 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. E 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. E 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C
cahsee prep questions
1. If the books have been cataloged last week, why haven't they been placed on the shelf?
A. have been cataloged B. would have been cataloged C. was cataloged D. were cataloged E. had been cataloged
2. Jessica Mitford wrote The American Way of Death, a best-selling book, that led eventually to an official investigation of the funeral industry.
A. that led eventually B. that had led eventually C. that eventually led D. which led eventually E. who eventually led
3. Sabotage came from the French saboter, which means“to clatter with wooden shoes (sabots).”
A. which means “ to B. which means, “ to C. that means “to D. that means- “to E. that means, “to
4. In studying an assignment it is wise to read it over quickly at first, than see the major points, and finally outline the material.
A. first, than B. first: then C. first-then D. first, then E. first-than
5. To judge the Tidy City contest, we picked an uninterested party.
A. picked an uninterested party. B. picked an interested party! C. picked a disinterested party. D. are in the process of picking an uninterested party. E. picked an disinterested party.
6. Linda decides they had better scram before the killers find them.
A. had better scram B. had better leave C. should hurry and scram D. could hurry and leave E. had better get out
7. I really dug the character of Brutus.
A. dug B. thought about C. thought of D. admired E. gazed at
8. Once upon a point a time, a small person named Little Red Riding Hood initated plans for the preparation, delivery and transportation of foodstuffs to her Grandmother.
A. and transportation of foodstuffs to her Grandmother. B. and transportation of food stuffs to her Grandmother. C. and transportation of food supplies to her Grandmother. D. and transportation of foodstuffs to her grandmother. E. and, transportation of food supplies to her grand mother.
9. The setting of a story effects the story's plot.
A. effects the story's plot B. effects the stories plot C. affect the story's plot D. affects the story's plot E. affects the story's plots
10. Arctic trees are scrubbiest than trees in milder climates.
A. scrubbiest than trees B. scrubbier then trees C. scrubbiest than are trees D. scrubbier than are trees E. scrubbier than trees
11. Quebec rises in a magnificent way above the St. Lawrence River.
A. rises in a magnificent way above B. rises in a magnificent way, way above C. rises magnificently above D. rises magnificently way above E. is raised in a magnificent way above
12. Someone gives the school gerbils every year.
A. Someone gives the school gerbils B. Some one gives the school gerbils C. Some one gives the School gerbils D. There is a person that gives the school gerbils E. An individual gave gerbils
13. During Colonial days, a school room looked rather empty.
A. Colonial days, a school room looked B. Colonial days, a schoolroom looked C. Colonial Days, a schoolroom looked D. Colonial Days; a school room looked E. Colonial days- a schoolroom looked
14. The helium- filled balloon rose in the air.
A. rose in the air. B. was rising in the air. C. was in the air. D. rose into the air. E. would rise in the air.
15. If I had the address, I would have delivered the package myself.
A. had the address, B. had the address; C. had the address- D. had had the address; E. had had the address,
16. Do you know that these gloves have lay on the bureau all week?
A. have lay on B. have laid on C. would lie on D. had laid on E. have lain on
17. If I would have known about the team tryouts, I would have signed up for them.
A. would have known B. would had known C. could of known D. had been told E. could have been told
18. If he would have revised his first draft, he would have received a better grade.
A. would have revised B. had revised C. could of revised D. had of revised E. would revise
19. Valarie claims that cats made the best pets.
A. made the best pets. B. could be the best pets. C. are the best pets. D. make of the best pets E. make the best pets.
20. By next month Ms. Jones will be Mayor of Tallahassee for two years.
A. will be Mayor of Tallahassee B. will have been Mayor of Tallahassee C. will be mayor of Tallahassee D. will have been mayor of Tallahassee E. could have been mayor of Tallahassee
Answer Key 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. E 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. E 16. E 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. D
A. have been cataloged B. would have been cataloged C. was cataloged D. were cataloged E. had been cataloged
2. Jessica Mitford wrote The American Way of Death, a best-selling book, that led eventually to an official investigation of the funeral industry.
A. that led eventually B. that had led eventually C. that eventually led D. which led eventually E. who eventually led
3. Sabotage came from the French saboter, which means“to clatter with wooden shoes (sabots).”
A. which means “ to B. which means, “ to C. that means “to D. that means- “to E. that means, “to
4. In studying an assignment it is wise to read it over quickly at first, than see the major points, and finally outline the material.
A. first, than B. first: then C. first-then D. first, then E. first-than
5. To judge the Tidy City contest, we picked an uninterested party.
A. picked an uninterested party. B. picked an interested party! C. picked a disinterested party. D. are in the process of picking an uninterested party. E. picked an disinterested party.
6. Linda decides they had better scram before the killers find them.
A. had better scram B. had better leave C. should hurry and scram D. could hurry and leave E. had better get out
7. I really dug the character of Brutus.
A. dug B. thought about C. thought of D. admired E. gazed at
8. Once upon a point a time, a small person named Little Red Riding Hood initated plans for the preparation, delivery and transportation of foodstuffs to her Grandmother.
A. and transportation of foodstuffs to her Grandmother. B. and transportation of food stuffs to her Grandmother. C. and transportation of food supplies to her Grandmother. D. and transportation of foodstuffs to her grandmother. E. and, transportation of food supplies to her grand mother.
9. The setting of a story effects the story's plot.
A. effects the story's plot B. effects the stories plot C. affect the story's plot D. affects the story's plot E. affects the story's plots
10. Arctic trees are scrubbiest than trees in milder climates.
A. scrubbiest than trees B. scrubbier then trees C. scrubbiest than are trees D. scrubbier than are trees E. scrubbier than trees
11. Quebec rises in a magnificent way above the St. Lawrence River.
A. rises in a magnificent way above B. rises in a magnificent way, way above C. rises magnificently above D. rises magnificently way above E. is raised in a magnificent way above
12. Someone gives the school gerbils every year.
A. Someone gives the school gerbils B. Some one gives the school gerbils C. Some one gives the School gerbils D. There is a person that gives the school gerbils E. An individual gave gerbils
13. During Colonial days, a school room looked rather empty.
A. Colonial days, a school room looked B. Colonial days, a schoolroom looked C. Colonial Days, a schoolroom looked D. Colonial Days; a school room looked E. Colonial days- a schoolroom looked
14. The helium- filled balloon rose in the air.
A. rose in the air. B. was rising in the air. C. was in the air. D. rose into the air. E. would rise in the air.
15. If I had the address, I would have delivered the package myself.
A. had the address, B. had the address; C. had the address- D. had had the address; E. had had the address,
16. Do you know that these gloves have lay on the bureau all week?
A. have lay on B. have laid on C. would lie on D. had laid on E. have lain on
17. If I would have known about the team tryouts, I would have signed up for them.
A. would have known B. would had known C. could of known D. had been told E. could have been told
18. If he would have revised his first draft, he would have received a better grade.
A. would have revised B. had revised C. could of revised D. had of revised E. would revise
19. Valarie claims that cats made the best pets.
A. made the best pets. B. could be the best pets. C. are the best pets. D. make of the best pets E. make the best pets.
20. By next month Ms. Jones will be Mayor of Tallahassee for two years.
A. will be Mayor of Tallahassee B. will have been Mayor of Tallahassee C. will be mayor of Tallahassee D. will have been mayor of Tallahassee E. could have been mayor of Tallahassee
Answer Key 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. E 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. E 16. E 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. D
cahsee sentence prep
1. Hours of driving laid ahead of us.
A. laid B. have lain C. lay D. has lay E. lie
2. By the time we get to the picnic area, the rain will stop.
A. will stop B. shall stop C. will has stopped D. shall have stopped E. will have stopped
3. If Judy would not have missed the deadline, the yearbook delivery would have been on time.
A. would not have missed B. should have not missed C. wouldn't have missed D. had not missed E. would have not missed
4. We spent Sunday afternoon wandering aimless in the park.
A. wandering aimless B. wandering aimlessly C. wandering without purpose D. wandering in an aimless manner E. wandering almost aimlessly
5. Only after I went home did I remember my dental appointment.
A. went home B. had went home C. had gone home D. gone home E. should go home
6. The book lay open at page 77.
A. lay open B. laid open C. lied open D. lain open E. was laid open
7. By this time next year Johanna will begin classes at the University of Colorado.
A. will begin classes B. will have begun classes C. has began classes D. should begin classes E. should have begun classes
8. After comparing my air conditioner with the one on sale, I decided that mine was the most efficient.
A. was the most efficient. B. should be the most efficient. C. was the more efficient. D. was, by far the most efficient E. should be considered the most efficient.
9. I would have liked to have gone swimming yesterday.
A. to have gone swimming B. to go swimming C. to had gone swimming D. to go to swim E. to of gone swimming
10. I wish I read the chapter before I tried to answer the questions.
A. read the chapter B. would read the chapter C. should of read the chapter D. could have read the chapter E. had read the chapter
11. Nathanael West said that he'd never have written his satirical novel if he had not visited Hollywood.
A. have written his B. would have written his C. could of written his D. could have written his E. should of written his
12. The smell from the paper mill laid over the town like a blanket.
A. laid B. has lain C. will lie D. lay E. has laid
13. When I was halfway down the stairs, I suddenly knew what I had wanted to have said.
A. to have said B. too say C. to have been said D. to had say E. to say
14. I would be more careful if I had been you.
A. had been B. could have been C. was D. were E. could have been
15. They read where the governor has appointed a special committee to improve the school calendar.
A. where B. how C. that of where D. of where E. where-
16. In study hall I sit besides Paul Smith, who is captain of the swim team and one of the best swimmers in the state.
A. sit besides B. sat beside C. have set beside D. sit beside E. have sit beside
17. This classic has been read with enjoyment for nearly two hundred years.
A. has been read B. will have been read C. shall have been read D. is being read E. was read
18. Many nineteenth-century biographers rely on their imagination, not on real facts.
A. rely on their imagination, B. relied on their imagination, C. have relied on their imagination D. could have relied on their imagination, E. could rely on their imaginations:
19. The private lives of politicians, generals, and other notables fascinates the reading public.
A. fascinates the reading B. have fascinated the reading C. will fascinate the reading D. fascinate the reading E. has fascinate the reading
20. That small man chose a seat near the door and carefully sat down.
A. sat B. will sit C. could of sat D. have sit down E. set down
21. Last summer I worked in the chemical laboratory at the Brass Company; most the work came into the lab for testing marked with the words top priority .
A. words top priority B. words-top priority C. words:Top priority D. words, “ Top Priority.” E. Words “top priority.”
Answer Key 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. E 11. A 12. D 13. E 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. A
A. laid B. have lain C. lay D. has lay E. lie
2. By the time we get to the picnic area, the rain will stop.
A. will stop B. shall stop C. will has stopped D. shall have stopped E. will have stopped
3. If Judy would not have missed the deadline, the yearbook delivery would have been on time.
A. would not have missed B. should have not missed C. wouldn't have missed D. had not missed E. would have not missed
4. We spent Sunday afternoon wandering aimless in the park.
A. wandering aimless B. wandering aimlessly C. wandering without purpose D. wandering in an aimless manner E. wandering almost aimlessly
5. Only after I went home did I remember my dental appointment.
A. went home B. had went home C. had gone home D. gone home E. should go home
6. The book lay open at page 77.
A. lay open B. laid open C. lied open D. lain open E. was laid open
7. By this time next year Johanna will begin classes at the University of Colorado.
A. will begin classes B. will have begun classes C. has began classes D. should begin classes E. should have begun classes
8. After comparing my air conditioner with the one on sale, I decided that mine was the most efficient.
A. was the most efficient. B. should be the most efficient. C. was the more efficient. D. was, by far the most efficient E. should be considered the most efficient.
9. I would have liked to have gone swimming yesterday.
A. to have gone swimming B. to go swimming C. to had gone swimming D. to go to swim E. to of gone swimming
10. I wish I read the chapter before I tried to answer the questions.
A. read the chapter B. would read the chapter C. should of read the chapter D. could have read the chapter E. had read the chapter
11. Nathanael West said that he'd never have written his satirical novel if he had not visited Hollywood.
A. have written his B. would have written his C. could of written his D. could have written his E. should of written his
12. The smell from the paper mill laid over the town like a blanket.
A. laid B. has lain C. will lie D. lay E. has laid
13. When I was halfway down the stairs, I suddenly knew what I had wanted to have said.
A. to have said B. too say C. to have been said D. to had say E. to say
14. I would be more careful if I had been you.
A. had been B. could have been C. was D. were E. could have been
15. They read where the governor has appointed a special committee to improve the school calendar.
A. where B. how C. that of where D. of where E. where-
16. In study hall I sit besides Paul Smith, who is captain of the swim team and one of the best swimmers in the state.
A. sit besides B. sat beside C. have set beside D. sit beside E. have sit beside
17. This classic has been read with enjoyment for nearly two hundred years.
A. has been read B. will have been read C. shall have been read D. is being read E. was read
18. Many nineteenth-century biographers rely on their imagination, not on real facts.
A. rely on their imagination, B. relied on their imagination, C. have relied on their imagination D. could have relied on their imagination, E. could rely on their imaginations:
19. The private lives of politicians, generals, and other notables fascinates the reading public.
A. fascinates the reading B. have fascinated the reading C. will fascinate the reading D. fascinate the reading E. has fascinate the reading
20. That small man chose a seat near the door and carefully sat down.
A. sat B. will sit C. could of sat D. have sit down E. set down
21. Last summer I worked in the chemical laboratory at the Brass Company; most the work came into the lab for testing marked with the words top priority .
A. words top priority B. words-top priority C. words:Top priority D. words, “ Top Priority.” E. Words “top priority.”
Answer Key 1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. E 11. A 12. D 13. E 14. D 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. A
cahsee prep answer key
Answer Key 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A
cahsee
Practice Questions
1. Questions 1-7.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
The sixteenth century was an age of great ___exploration.
A. cosmic B. land C. mental D. common man E. none of the above
2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.
A. entanglement B. discussion C. negotiation D. problems E. none of the above
3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a ___ direction.
A. north and south B. crosswise C. easterly D. south east E. north and west
4. One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.
A. coastline B. mountain range C. physical features D. islands E. none of the above
5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern ___.
A. coast B. inland C. body of land with water on three sides D. border E. answer not available
6. The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ___.
A. Greenwich B. The equator C. Spain D. Portugal E. Madrid
7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the ___ now called the International Date Line.
A. imaginary circle passing through the poles B. Imaginary line parallel to the equator C. area D. land mass E. answer not found in article
8. Questions 8-14
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
The Curies' ____ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
A. friendly B. competitive C. courteous D. industrious E. chemistry
9. Marie had a bright mind and a __personality.
A. strong B. lighthearted C. humorous D. strange E. envious
10. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt___.
A. hopeless B. annoyed C. depressed D. worried E. none of the above
11. Marie ___ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.
A. challenged authority B. showed intelligence C. behaved D. was distressed E. answer not available in article
12. _____she remembered their joy together.
A. Dejectedly B. Worried C. Tearfully D. Happily E. Sorrowfully
13. Her ____ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
A. misfortune B. anger C. wretchedness D. disappointment E. ambition
14. Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never ____.
A. troubled B. worried C. disappointed D. sorrowful E. disturbed
15. Questions 15-19.
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79.
The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lava. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.
Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under ___lava.
A. liquid B. solid C. flowing D. gas E. answer not available
16. The poisonous gases were not ___ in the air.
A. able to float B. visible C. able to evaporate D. invisible E. able to condense
17. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist ___ a specimen.
A. describes in detail B. studies by cutting apart C. photographs D. chart E. answer not available
18. ____have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.
A. Scientist who study oceans B. Scientist who study atmospheric conditions C. Scientist who study ash D. Scientist who study animal behavior E. Answer not available in article
19. Scientist have used ___water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
A. bottled B. volcanic C. purified D. sea E. fountain
20. Questions 20-24.
Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England's treasury and diminishing Spain's omnipotence.
Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against England's theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Armada, in January 1586.
Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled one hundred and thirty sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than nineteen thousand robust soldiers and eight thousand sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England.
The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9,1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable.
The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.
Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.
Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain's ____.
A. unlimited power B. unrestricted growth C. territory D. treaties E. answer not available in article
21. Philip recruited many ___soldiers and sailors.
A. warlike B. strong C. accomplished D. timid E. non experienced
22. The ____ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.
A. complete B. warlike C. independent D. isolated E. answer not available
23. The two battles left the Spanish fleet ____.
A. open to change B. triumphant C. open to attack D. defeated E. discouraged
24. The Armada was ___ on one side.
A. closed off B. damaged C. alone D. circled E. answer not available in this article
25. Questions 25-29.
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B. C. is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one man.
In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops.
The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
Athens had ____the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
A. refused help to B. intervened on behalf of C. wanted to fight D. given orders for all to fight E. defeated
26. Darius took drastic steps to ___ the rebellious Athenians.
A. weaken B. destroy C. calm D. placate E. answer not available
27. Their participation___to the Athenians.
A. gave comfort B. gave honor C. gave strength D. gave fear E. gave hope
28. The people of Delos did not want to ___ the conquest of Greece.
A. end B. encourage C. think about D. daydream about E. answer not available
29. The Athenians were ___by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
A. welcomed B. strengthened C. held D. captured E. answer not available
30. Questions 30-32.
The Trojan War is one of the most famous wars in history. It is well known for the ten-year duration, for the heroism of a number of legendary characters, and for the Trojan horse. What may not be familiar, however, is the story of how the war began. According to Greek myth, the strife between the Trojans and the Greeks started at the wedding of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea nymph. All of the gods and goddesses had been invited to the wedding celebration in Troy except Eris, goddesses of discord. She had been omitted from the guest list because her presence always embroiled mortals and immortals alike in conflict.
To take revenge on those who had slighted her, Eris decided to cause a skirmish. Into the middle of the banquet hall, she threw a golden apple marked “for the most beautiful.” All of the goddesses began to haggle over who should possess it. The gods and goddesses reached a stalemate when the choice was narrowed to Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Someone was needed to settle the controversy by picking a winner. The job eventually fell to Paris, son of King Priam of Troy, who was said to be a good judge of beauty.
Paris did not have an easy job. Each goddess, eager to win the golden apple, tried aggressively to bribe him. “I'll grant you vast kingdoms to rule, “ promised Hera. “Vast kingdoms are nothing in comparison with my gift,” contradicted Athena. “Choose me and I'll see that you win victory and fame in war.” Aphrodite outdid her adversaries, however. She won the golden apple by offering Helen, Zeus' daughter and the most beautiful mortal, to Paris. Paris, anxious to claim Helen, set off for Sparta in Greece.
Although Paris learned that Helen was married, he accepted the hospitality of her husband, King Menelasu of Sparta, anyway. Therefore, Menelaus was outraged for a number of reasons when Paris departed, taking Helen and much of the king's wealth back to Troy. Menelaus collected his loyal forces and set sail for Troy to begin the war to reclaim Helen.
Eris was known for ___both mortals and immortals.
A. scheming against B. involving in conflict C. feeling hostile toward D. ignoring E. comforting
31. Each goddess tried ___to bribe Paris.
A. boldly B. effectively C. secretly D. carefully E. answer not stated
32. Athena ___ Hera, promising Paris victory and fame in war.
A. denied the statement of B. defeated C. agreed with D. restated the statement E. questioned the statement
33. Questions 33-37.
One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Perhaps the best –known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson.
In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled Anastasia and questioned heer about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's family.
Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself.
During the next few years, scores of the Czar's relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
Some Russian peasants and workers___for social reform.
A. longed B. cried out C. begged D. hoped E. thought much
34. Witnesses ___ that all members of the Czar's family had been executed.
A. gave assurance B. thought C. hoped D. convinced some E. answer not stated
35. Tschaikovsky ____any connection with the Czar's family.
A. denied B. stopped C. noted D. justified E. answer not stated
36. She was unable to ___the aid of her relative.
A. locate B. speak about C. call upon D. identify E. know
37. In court she ___ maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
A. finally appeared B. spoke forcefully C. testified D. gave evidence E. answer not stated
38. Questions 38-39.
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a time when the country was fighting bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let France's insecure financial situation limit their immoderate spending, however. Even though the minister of finance repeatedly warned the king and queen against wasting money, they continued to spend great fortunes on their personal pleasure. This lavish spending greatly enraged the people of France. They felt that the royal couple bought its luxurious lifestyle at the poor people's expense.
Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed uncaring about her subjects; misery. While French citizens begged for lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace with extravagant works of art. She also surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians, who encouraged the queen to spend money even more profusely.
While the queen's favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal table, many people in France were starving. The French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes paid for the entertainments the queen and her court so enjoyed. When the minister of finance tried to stop these royal spendthrifts, the queen replaced him. The intense hatred that the people felt for Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution. During this time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as well as the king and queen themselves, lost their lives at the guillotine. Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had reined in their extravagant spending, the events that rocked France would not have occurred.
The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money ____.
A. wisely B. abundantly C. carefully D. foolishly E. joyfully
39. The minister of finance tried to curb these royal ___.
A. aristocrats B. money wasters C. enemies D. individuals E. spenders
40. Questions 40-45.
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17,1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet.
By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
The idea of flying an aircraft was ___to some people.
A. boring B. distasteful C. exciting D. needless E. answer not available
41. People thought that the Wright brothers had ____.
A. acted without thinking B. been negatively influenced C. been too cautious D. had not given enough thought E. acted in a negative way
42. The Wright's interest in flight grew into a ____.
A. financial empire B. plan C. need to act D. foolish thought E. answer not in article
43. Lilenthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was ___the Wrights.
A. proven wrong by B. opposite to the ideas of C. disliked by D. accepted by E. opposed by
44. The old tables were __ and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
A. destroyed B. canceled C. multiplied D. discarded E. not used
45. The Wrights designed and built their own source of ____.
A. force for moving forward B. force for turning around C. turning D. force to going backward E. none of the above
1. Questions 1-7.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
The sixteenth century was an age of great ___exploration.
A. cosmic B. land C. mental D. common man E. none of the above
2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___.
A. entanglement B. discussion C. negotiation D. problems E. none of the above
3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a ___ direction.
A. north and south B. crosswise C. easterly D. south east E. north and west
4. One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.
A. coastline B. mountain range C. physical features D. islands E. none of the above
5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern ___.
A. coast B. inland C. body of land with water on three sides D. border E. answer not available
6. The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ___.
A. Greenwich B. The equator C. Spain D. Portugal E. Madrid
7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the ___ now called the International Date Line.
A. imaginary circle passing through the poles B. Imaginary line parallel to the equator C. area D. land mass E. answer not found in article
8. Questions 8-14
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
The Curies' ____ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
A. friendly B. competitive C. courteous D. industrious E. chemistry
9. Marie had a bright mind and a __personality.
A. strong B. lighthearted C. humorous D. strange E. envious
10. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt___.
A. hopeless B. annoyed C. depressed D. worried E. none of the above
11. Marie ___ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.
A. challenged authority B. showed intelligence C. behaved D. was distressed E. answer not available in article
12. _____she remembered their joy together.
A. Dejectedly B. Worried C. Tearfully D. Happily E. Sorrowfully
13. Her ____ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
A. misfortune B. anger C. wretchedness D. disappointment E. ambition
14. Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never ____.
A. troubled B. worried C. disappointed D. sorrowful E. disturbed
15. Questions 15-19.
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79.
The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lava. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.
Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under ___lava.
A. liquid B. solid C. flowing D. gas E. answer not available
16. The poisonous gases were not ___ in the air.
A. able to float B. visible C. able to evaporate D. invisible E. able to condense
17. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist ___ a specimen.
A. describes in detail B. studies by cutting apart C. photographs D. chart E. answer not available
18. ____have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.
A. Scientist who study oceans B. Scientist who study atmospheric conditions C. Scientist who study ash D. Scientist who study animal behavior E. Answer not available in article
19. Scientist have used ___water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
A. bottled B. volcanic C. purified D. sea E. fountain
20. Questions 20-24.
Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England's treasury and diminishing Spain's omnipotence.
Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against England's theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Armada, in January 1586.
Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled one hundred and thirty sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than nineteen thousand robust soldiers and eight thousand sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England.
The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9,1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable.
The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.
Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.
Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain's ____.
A. unlimited power B. unrestricted growth C. territory D. treaties E. answer not available in article
21. Philip recruited many ___soldiers and sailors.
A. warlike B. strong C. accomplished D. timid E. non experienced
22. The ____ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.
A. complete B. warlike C. independent D. isolated E. answer not available
23. The two battles left the Spanish fleet ____.
A. open to change B. triumphant C. open to attack D. defeated E. discouraged
24. The Armada was ___ on one side.
A. closed off B. damaged C. alone D. circled E. answer not available in this article
25. Questions 25-29.
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B. C. is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one man.
In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops.
The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
Athens had ____the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
A. refused help to B. intervened on behalf of C. wanted to fight D. given orders for all to fight E. defeated
26. Darius took drastic steps to ___ the rebellious Athenians.
A. weaken B. destroy C. calm D. placate E. answer not available
27. Their participation___to the Athenians.
A. gave comfort B. gave honor C. gave strength D. gave fear E. gave hope
28. The people of Delos did not want to ___ the conquest of Greece.
A. end B. encourage C. think about D. daydream about E. answer not available
29. The Athenians were ___by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
A. welcomed B. strengthened C. held D. captured E. answer not available
30. Questions 30-32.
The Trojan War is one of the most famous wars in history. It is well known for the ten-year duration, for the heroism of a number of legendary characters, and for the Trojan horse. What may not be familiar, however, is the story of how the war began. According to Greek myth, the strife between the Trojans and the Greeks started at the wedding of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea nymph. All of the gods and goddesses had been invited to the wedding celebration in Troy except Eris, goddesses of discord. She had been omitted from the guest list because her presence always embroiled mortals and immortals alike in conflict.
To take revenge on those who had slighted her, Eris decided to cause a skirmish. Into the middle of the banquet hall, she threw a golden apple marked “for the most beautiful.” All of the goddesses began to haggle over who should possess it. The gods and goddesses reached a stalemate when the choice was narrowed to Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Someone was needed to settle the controversy by picking a winner. The job eventually fell to Paris, son of King Priam of Troy, who was said to be a good judge of beauty.
Paris did not have an easy job. Each goddess, eager to win the golden apple, tried aggressively to bribe him. “I'll grant you vast kingdoms to rule, “ promised Hera. “Vast kingdoms are nothing in comparison with my gift,” contradicted Athena. “Choose me and I'll see that you win victory and fame in war.” Aphrodite outdid her adversaries, however. She won the golden apple by offering Helen, Zeus' daughter and the most beautiful mortal, to Paris. Paris, anxious to claim Helen, set off for Sparta in Greece.
Although Paris learned that Helen was married, he accepted the hospitality of her husband, King Menelasu of Sparta, anyway. Therefore, Menelaus was outraged for a number of reasons when Paris departed, taking Helen and much of the king's wealth back to Troy. Menelaus collected his loyal forces and set sail for Troy to begin the war to reclaim Helen.
Eris was known for ___both mortals and immortals.
A. scheming against B. involving in conflict C. feeling hostile toward D. ignoring E. comforting
31. Each goddess tried ___to bribe Paris.
A. boldly B. effectively C. secretly D. carefully E. answer not stated
32. Athena ___ Hera, promising Paris victory and fame in war.
A. denied the statement of B. defeated C. agreed with D. restated the statement E. questioned the statement
33. Questions 33-37.
One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Perhaps the best –known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson.
In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled Anastasia and questioned heer about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's family.
Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself.
During the next few years, scores of the Czar's relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
Some Russian peasants and workers___for social reform.
A. longed B. cried out C. begged D. hoped E. thought much
34. Witnesses ___ that all members of the Czar's family had been executed.
A. gave assurance B. thought C. hoped D. convinced some E. answer not stated
35. Tschaikovsky ____any connection with the Czar's family.
A. denied B. stopped C. noted D. justified E. answer not stated
36. She was unable to ___the aid of her relative.
A. locate B. speak about C. call upon D. identify E. know
37. In court she ___ maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
A. finally appeared B. spoke forcefully C. testified D. gave evidence E. answer not stated
38. Questions 38-39.
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a time when the country was fighting bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let France's insecure financial situation limit their immoderate spending, however. Even though the minister of finance repeatedly warned the king and queen against wasting money, they continued to spend great fortunes on their personal pleasure. This lavish spending greatly enraged the people of France. They felt that the royal couple bought its luxurious lifestyle at the poor people's expense.
Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed uncaring about her subjects; misery. While French citizens begged for lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace with extravagant works of art. She also surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians, who encouraged the queen to spend money even more profusely.
While the queen's favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal table, many people in France were starving. The French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes paid for the entertainments the queen and her court so enjoyed. When the minister of finance tried to stop these royal spendthrifts, the queen replaced him. The intense hatred that the people felt for Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution. During this time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as well as the king and queen themselves, lost their lives at the guillotine. Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had reined in their extravagant spending, the events that rocked France would not have occurred.
The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money ____.
A. wisely B. abundantly C. carefully D. foolishly E. joyfully
39. The minister of finance tried to curb these royal ___.
A. aristocrats B. money wasters C. enemies D. individuals E. spenders
40. Questions 40-45.
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17,1903, were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fools. Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation.
Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in flight grew into a compulsion.
Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts.
After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds, however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet.
By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
The idea of flying an aircraft was ___to some people.
A. boring B. distasteful C. exciting D. needless E. answer not available
41. People thought that the Wright brothers had ____.
A. acted without thinking B. been negatively influenced C. been too cautious D. had not given enough thought E. acted in a negative way
42. The Wright's interest in flight grew into a ____.
A. financial empire B. plan C. need to act D. foolish thought E. answer not in article
43. Lilenthal's idea about controlling airborne vehicles was ___the Wrights.
A. proven wrong by B. opposite to the ideas of C. disliked by D. accepted by E. opposed by
44. The old tables were __ and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces.
A. destroyed B. canceled C. multiplied D. discarded E. not used
45. The Wrights designed and built their own source of ____.
A. force for moving forward B. force for turning around C. turning D. force to going backward E. none of the above
master lit topics
Creating a Thesis Statement
Developing an Outline
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Argument Papers
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Exploratory Papers
Invention Presentation
Prewriting (Invention)
Proofreading Your Writing
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Starting the Writing Process
Understanding Writing Assignments
Writer's Block/ Writer's Anxiety
Writing Process Presentation
Professional, Technical, and Job Search Writing
Academic Cover Letters
Action Verbs to Describe Skills, Jobs, and Accomplishments in Employment Documents
Audience Analysis
Business Letters: Accentuating the Positives
Color Theory Presentation
Cover Letter Presentation
Cover Letter Workshop
Cover Letters 1: Quick Tips
Cover Letters 2: Preparing to Write a Cover Letter
Cover Letters 3: Writing Your Cover Letter
Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation
Effective Workplace Writing
Email Etiquette
Email Etiquette for Students
Example Employment Documents
Handbook on Report Formats
HATS: A Design Procedure for Routine Business Documents
INDOT Workshop Resources for Engineers
Job Acceptance Letter Presentation
Job Skills Checklist
Letters Concerning Employment
Management Resumes
Medical Writing
Memo Writing
Model Letters for Various Purposes
Parallel Structure in Professional Writing
Paramedic Method: A Lesson in Writing Concisely
Prioritizing Your Concerns for Effective Business Writing
Reference Sheets
Resume Design
Resume Presentation
Resume Workshop
Resumes 1: Introduction to Resumes
Resumes 2: Resume Sections
Resumes 3: When to Use Two Pages or More
Resumes 4: Scannable Resumes
Reverse Paramedic Method
Revision in Business Writing
Sales Letters: Four Point Action Closing
Scannable Resumes Presentation
Tailoring Employment Documents For a Specific Audience
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Tips & Terms for the International Student's Job Search
Tone in Business Writing
Using Fonts with Purpose
Visual Rhetoric
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Visual Rhetoric: Analyzing Visual Documents
Writing a Job Acceptance Letter
Writing a White Paper
Writing for a Chinese Business Audience
Writing for a North American Business Audience
Writing for an Indian Business Audience
Writing Report Abstracts
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Writing the Basic Business Letter
Writing the Curriculum Vitae
Writing the Personal Statement
General Academic Writing
Adding Emphasis in Writing
Annotated Bibliographies
Avoiding Plagiarism
Color Theory Presentation
Conciseness
Creating a Thesis Statement
Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation
Developing an Outline
Effective Persuasion Presentation
Email Etiquette for Professors
Email Etiquette for Students
Essay Writing
Establishing Arguments
Guidelines for Fair Use
Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) and Lower Order Concerns (LOCs)
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Argument Papers
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Exploratory Papers
Invention Presentation
Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism
Logic in Argumentative Writing
Organizing Your Argument Presentation
Paragraphs & Paragraphing
Paramedic Method: A Lesson in Writing Concisely
Peer Review Presentation
Prewriting (Invention)
Proofreading Your Writing
Punctuation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Reverse Paramedic Method
Sentence Variety
Starting the Writing Process
The Rhetorical Situation
Transitions and Transitional Devices
Understanding Writing Assignments
Using Appropriate Language
Using Fonts with Purpose
Visual Rhetoric
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Visual Rhetoric: Analyzing Visual Documents
Writer's Block/ Writer's Anxiety
Writing a Book Report
Writing a Book Review
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Definitions
Writing in Literature (Detailed Discussion)
Writing Process Presentation
Research and Citation
Annotated Bibliographies
APA Formatting and Style Guide
APA Overview and Workshop
Avoiding Plagiarism
Chicago Manual of Style
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Conducting Primary Research
Documenting Electronic Sources
Evaluating Sources of Information
Formatting in Sociology (ASA Style)
Guidelines for Fair Use
MLA Formatting and Style Guide
MLA Overview and Workshop
Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Research: Overview
Resources for Documenting Sources in the Disciplines
Searching the World Wide Web
Writing a Research Paper
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Grammar and Mechanics
Active and Passive Voice
Adjective or Adverb
Apostrophe
Appositives
Articles: A versus An
Capital Letters
Commas
Conquering the Comma
Count and Noncount Nouns
Dangling Modifiers
Grammar and ESL Exercises
Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) and Lower Order Concerns (LOCs)
How to Use Adjectives and Adverbs
How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
Hyphens
Independent and Dependent Clauses
Irregular Verbs
Numbers
Parallel Structure
Parts of Speech Overview
Prepositions
Pronouns
Punctuation
Quotation Marks
Relative Pronouns
Sentence Clarity
Sentence Clarity Presentation
Sentence Fragments
Sentence Punctuation Patterns
Spelling
Subject/Verb Agreement
Transitions and Transitional Devices
Verb Tenses
English as a Second Language (ESL)
Adjective or Adverb
Count and Noncount Nouns
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
ESL Teacher Resources
Grammar and ESL Exercises
How to Use Adjectives and Adverbs
How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
Irregular Verbs
Numbers
Parts of Speech Overview
Prepositions
Relative Pronouns
Sentence Punctuation Patterns
Subject/Verb Agreement
Tips & Terms for the International Student's Job Search
Two-Part (Phrasal) Verbs (idioms)
US Higher Education: A Cultural Introduction
Verb Tenses
Verbals: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
Writing for a Chinese Business Audience
Writing for a North American Business Audience
Writing for an Indian Business Audience
Writing in North American Higher Education: A Primer for International Students
Internet Literacy
Documenting Electronic Sources
Email Etiquette
Email Etiquette for Professors
Email Etiquette for Students
Evaluating Sources of Information
Guidelines for Fair Use
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Searching the World Wide Web
Teaching OSDDP (Open Source Development and Documentation) Usability Project: A Guide for Professional Writing Instructors
Visual Rhetoric
Writing in the Social Sciences
Child Development and Family Studies Resource Repository
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Conducting Primary Research
Formatting in Sociology (ASA Style)
Social Work Literature Review Guidelines
Writing in Psychology: Experimental Report Writing
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Writing with Statistics
Writing in Engineering
Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)
Handbook on Report Formats
INDOT Workshop Resources for Engineers
Reverse Paramedic Method
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Writing Engineering Reports
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Literary Analysis and Criticism
Image in Poetry
Literary Terms
Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Writing a Book Review
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing About Fiction
Writing About Literature
Writing About Poetry
Writing in Literature (Detailed Discussion)
Creative Writing
Pattern and Variation in Poetry
Pattern and Variation: Aural
Pattern and Variation: Visual
Tutoring Creative Writing Students
Teaching Writing
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Effective Persuasion Presentation
Email Etiquette for Professors
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
Invention Presentation
Job Acceptance Letter Presentation
Peer Review Presentation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Teaching OSDDP (Open Source Development and Documentation) Usability Project: A Guide for Professional Writing Instructors
The Rhetorical Situation
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Across the Curriculum: An Introduction
Writing Process Presentation
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Tutoring Writing
Effective Persuasion Presentation
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
Invention Presentation
Peer Review Presentation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
The Writing Conference: Meeting One-on-One with Students
Tutoring a Resume
Tutoring Cover Letters
Tutoring Creative Writing Students
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Process Presentation
About the OWL at Purdue
Fair Use Policy
Fair Use Requests
General Feedback for the OWL
Help Using OWL Resources
Link to Us
Purdue OWL Fact Sheet
Report an Error
Suggested Resources for You
Developing an Outline
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Argument Papers
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Exploratory Papers
Invention Presentation
Prewriting (Invention)
Proofreading Your Writing
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Starting the Writing Process
Understanding Writing Assignments
Writer's Block/ Writer's Anxiety
Writing Process Presentation
Professional, Technical, and Job Search Writing
Academic Cover Letters
Action Verbs to Describe Skills, Jobs, and Accomplishments in Employment Documents
Audience Analysis
Business Letters: Accentuating the Positives
Color Theory Presentation
Cover Letter Presentation
Cover Letter Workshop
Cover Letters 1: Quick Tips
Cover Letters 2: Preparing to Write a Cover Letter
Cover Letters 3: Writing Your Cover Letter
Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation
Effective Workplace Writing
Email Etiquette
Email Etiquette for Students
Example Employment Documents
Handbook on Report Formats
HATS: A Design Procedure for Routine Business Documents
INDOT Workshop Resources for Engineers
Job Acceptance Letter Presentation
Job Skills Checklist
Letters Concerning Employment
Management Resumes
Medical Writing
Memo Writing
Model Letters for Various Purposes
Parallel Structure in Professional Writing
Paramedic Method: A Lesson in Writing Concisely
Prioritizing Your Concerns for Effective Business Writing
Reference Sheets
Resume Design
Resume Presentation
Resume Workshop
Resumes 1: Introduction to Resumes
Resumes 2: Resume Sections
Resumes 3: When to Use Two Pages or More
Resumes 4: Scannable Resumes
Reverse Paramedic Method
Revision in Business Writing
Sales Letters: Four Point Action Closing
Scannable Resumes Presentation
Tailoring Employment Documents For a Specific Audience
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Tips & Terms for the International Student's Job Search
Tone in Business Writing
Using Fonts with Purpose
Visual Rhetoric
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Visual Rhetoric: Analyzing Visual Documents
Writing a Job Acceptance Letter
Writing a White Paper
Writing for a Chinese Business Audience
Writing for a North American Business Audience
Writing for an Indian Business Audience
Writing Report Abstracts
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Writing the Basic Business Letter
Writing the Curriculum Vitae
Writing the Personal Statement
General Academic Writing
Adding Emphasis in Writing
Annotated Bibliographies
Avoiding Plagiarism
Color Theory Presentation
Conciseness
Creating a Thesis Statement
Designing an Effective PowerPoint Presentation
Developing an Outline
Effective Persuasion Presentation
Email Etiquette for Professors
Email Etiquette for Students
Essay Writing
Establishing Arguments
Guidelines for Fair Use
Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) and Lower Order Concerns (LOCs)
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Argument Papers
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Exploratory Papers
Invention Presentation
Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism
Logic in Argumentative Writing
Organizing Your Argument Presentation
Paragraphs & Paragraphing
Paramedic Method: A Lesson in Writing Concisely
Peer Review Presentation
Prewriting (Invention)
Proofreading Your Writing
Punctuation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Reverse Paramedic Method
Sentence Variety
Starting the Writing Process
The Rhetorical Situation
Transitions and Transitional Devices
Understanding Writing Assignments
Using Appropriate Language
Using Fonts with Purpose
Visual Rhetoric
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Visual Rhetoric: Analyzing Visual Documents
Writer's Block/ Writer's Anxiety
Writing a Book Report
Writing a Book Review
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Definitions
Writing in Literature (Detailed Discussion)
Writing Process Presentation
Research and Citation
Annotated Bibliographies
APA Formatting and Style Guide
APA Overview and Workshop
Avoiding Plagiarism
Chicago Manual of Style
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Conducting Primary Research
Documenting Electronic Sources
Evaluating Sources of Information
Formatting in Sociology (ASA Style)
Guidelines for Fair Use
MLA Formatting and Style Guide
MLA Overview and Workshop
Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
Research: Overview
Resources for Documenting Sources in the Disciplines
Searching the World Wide Web
Writing a Research Paper
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Grammar and Mechanics
Active and Passive Voice
Adjective or Adverb
Apostrophe
Appositives
Articles: A versus An
Capital Letters
Commas
Conquering the Comma
Count and Noncount Nouns
Dangling Modifiers
Grammar and ESL Exercises
Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) and Lower Order Concerns (LOCs)
How to Use Adjectives and Adverbs
How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
Hyphens
Independent and Dependent Clauses
Irregular Verbs
Numbers
Parallel Structure
Parts of Speech Overview
Prepositions
Pronouns
Punctuation
Quotation Marks
Relative Pronouns
Sentence Clarity
Sentence Clarity Presentation
Sentence Fragments
Sentence Punctuation Patterns
Spelling
Subject/Verb Agreement
Transitions and Transitional Devices
Verb Tenses
English as a Second Language (ESL)
Adjective or Adverb
Count and Noncount Nouns
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
ESL Teacher Resources
Grammar and ESL Exercises
How to Use Adjectives and Adverbs
How to Use Articles (a/an/the)
Irregular Verbs
Numbers
Parts of Speech Overview
Prepositions
Relative Pronouns
Sentence Punctuation Patterns
Subject/Verb Agreement
Tips & Terms for the International Student's Job Search
Two-Part (Phrasal) Verbs (idioms)
US Higher Education: A Cultural Introduction
Verb Tenses
Verbals: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
Writing for a Chinese Business Audience
Writing for a North American Business Audience
Writing for an Indian Business Audience
Writing in North American Higher Education: A Primer for International Students
Internet Literacy
Documenting Electronic Sources
Email Etiquette
Email Etiquette for Professors
Email Etiquette for Students
Evaluating Sources of Information
Guidelines for Fair Use
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Searching the World Wide Web
Teaching OSDDP (Open Source Development and Documentation) Usability Project: A Guide for Professional Writing Instructors
Visual Rhetoric
Writing in the Social Sciences
Child Development and Family Studies Resource Repository
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Conducting Primary Research
Formatting in Sociology (ASA Style)
Social Work Literature Review Guidelines
Writing in Psychology: Experimental Report Writing
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Writing with Statistics
Writing in Engineering
Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)
Handbook on Report Formats
INDOT Workshop Resources for Engineers
Reverse Paramedic Method
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Visual Rhetoric Slide Presentation
Writing Engineering Reports
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Literary Analysis and Criticism
Image in Poetry
Literary Terms
Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism
Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your Work
Writing a Book Review
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing About Fiction
Writing About Literature
Writing About Poetry
Writing in Literature (Detailed Discussion)
Creative Writing
Pattern and Variation in Poetry
Pattern and Variation: Aural
Pattern and Variation: Visual
Tutoring Creative Writing Students
Teaching Writing
Conducting an Interview Presentation
Effective Persuasion Presentation
Email Etiquette for Professors
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
Invention Presentation
Job Acceptance Letter Presentation
Peer Review Presentation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
Teaching Detailed Writing and Procedural Transitions
Teaching OSDDP (Open Source Development and Documentation) Usability Project: A Guide for Professional Writing Instructors
The Rhetorical Situation
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Across the Curriculum: An Introduction
Writing Process Presentation
Writing Scientific Abstracts Presentation
Tutoring Writing
Effective Persuasion Presentation
ESL Orientation for Writing Lab Tutorials
Invention Presentation
Peer Review Presentation
Purdue OWL Podcasts
The Writing Conference: Meeting One-on-One with Students
Tutoring a Resume
Tutoring Cover Letters
Tutoring Creative Writing Students
Writing a Literary Analysis Presentation
Writing Process Presentation
About the OWL at Purdue
Fair Use Policy
Fair Use Requests
General Feedback for the OWL
Help Using OWL Resources
Link to Us
Purdue OWL Fact Sheet
Report an Error
Suggested Resources for You
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